The diagnosis of dysfunctional temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders unresponsive to nonsurgical treatments heretofore has often been empirical. With the development of TMJ arthrography, diagnosis has been greatly improved; an accurate picture of the condition of the joint now provides a substantial base on which to build a rational and reasonable treatment plan. Clinical symptoms can be accurately correlated with the radiographic picture, a valid surgical procedure can be performed because the joint condition is known, and a meaningful prognosis can be determined. Successful management, however, very often requires multifaceted treatment consisting not only of surgery but also of bite-plate, occlusal, restorative, and physical therapy, both preoperatively and postoperatively.