A population of 116,090 asymptomatic women between the ages of 20 and 40 was examined for the cytologic presence of dysplasia and koilocytosis presumably resulting from condyloma acuminata of the uterine cervix. Subpopulations of 50 women with severe dysplasia and 50 with severe dysplasia and koilocytosis (= condyloma) were selected for a short-term study of progression to carcinoma or carcinoma in situ. The cytologic preparations examined by morphometry to determine the quantitative morphologic characteristics of the epithelial populations in the two groups showed that patients with condyloma and dysplasia had a different population of cells than those with dysplasia alone. Histologic studies showed that there were significantly more mitotic abnormalities in the condylomatous lesions, consistent with viral alterations of mitosis. While short-term follow-up (three to four years) failed to show that patients with both dysplasia and condyloma were at higher risk of developing cancer than patients with dysplasia alone, patients with condyloma of the cervix should be closely followed clinically since they have a higher risk of other cervical abnormalities.