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Circulating antibodies in diabetics treated with conventional and purified insulins. 1978

L J Klaff, and A I Vinik, and M Berelowitz, and W P Jackson

Conventional insulins contain impurities which are immunogenic; these include pancreatic polypeptide (PP), glucagon and somatostatin and intermediates of insulin synthesis co-extracted during purification. Monocomponent (MC) insulins are free of these contaminants. In 49 insulin-treated diabetic patients, antibodies were found to insulin (94%), pro-insulin (68%) and PP (68%). Antibodies to glucagon and somatostatin were not detected. There was a significantly lower mean maximum binding and titre of insulin and PP antibodies and total circulating insulin (i.e. antibody bound and free) in patients receiving MC insulin. In patients treated with MC insulins for longer than 2 years there was a significant fall in the mean maximum binding of insulin and total serum insulin, but no consistent change in diabetes control and daily insulin dose. It seems that except in the special instances of fat atrophy, insulin allergy and certain cases of insulin resistance, there is no need to resort to MC insulin.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007328 Insulin A 51-amino acid pancreatic hormone that plays a major role in the regulation of glucose metabolism, directly by suppressing endogenous glucose production (GLYCOGENOLYSIS; GLUCONEOGENESIS) and indirectly by suppressing GLUCAGON secretion and LIPOLYSIS. Native insulin is a globular protein comprised of a zinc-coordinated hexamer. Each insulin monomer containing two chains, A (21 residues) and B (30 residues), linked by two disulfide bonds. Insulin is used as a drug to control insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 1). Iletin,Insulin A Chain,Insulin B Chain,Insulin, Regular,Novolin,Sodium Insulin,Soluble Insulin,Chain, Insulin B,Insulin, Sodium,Insulin, Soluble,Regular Insulin
D007330 Insulin Antibodies Antibodies specific to INSULIN. Antibodies, Insulin
D008297 Male Males
D008875 Middle Aged An adult aged 45 - 64 years. Middle Age
D010191 Pancreatic Polypeptide A 36-amino acid pancreatic hormone that is secreted mainly by endocrine cells found at the periphery of the ISLETS OF LANGERHANS and adjacent to cells containing SOMATOSTATIN and GLUCAGON. Pancreatic polypeptide (PP), when administered peripherally, can suppress gastric secretion, gastric emptying, pancreatic enzyme secretion, and appetite. A lack of pancreatic polypeptide (PP) has been associated with OBESITY in rats and mice. Pancreatic Polypeptide (PP),Pancreatic Polypeptide Hormone,Pancreatic Prohormone
D011384 Proinsulin A pancreatic polypeptide of about 110 amino acids, depending on the species, that is the precursor of insulin. Proinsulin, produced by the PANCREATIC BETA CELLS, is comprised sequentially of the N-terminal B-chain, the proteolytically removable connecting C-peptide, and the C-terminal A-chain. It also contains three disulfide bonds, two between A-chain and B-chain. After cleavage at two locations, insulin and C-peptide are the secreted products. Intact proinsulin with low bioactivity also is secreted in small amounts.
D003920 Diabetes Mellitus A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE.
D004340 Drug Contamination The presence of organisms, or any foreign material that makes a drug preparation impure. Drug Adulteration,Drug Contamination, Chemical,Drug Contamination, Microbial,Drug Contamination, Physical,Drug Impurity,Adulteration, Drug,Chemical Drug Contamination,Chemical Drug Contaminations,Contamination, Chemical Drug,Contamination, Drug,Contamination, Microbial Drug,Contamination, Physical Drug,Contaminations, Chemical Drug,Contaminations, Microbial Drug,Contaminations, Physical Drug,Drug Adulterations,Drug Contaminations,Drug Contaminations, Chemical,Drug Contaminations, Microbial,Drug Contaminations, Physical,Drug Impurities,Impurity, Drug,Microbial Drug Contamination,Microbial Drug Contaminations,Physical Drug Contamination,Physical Drug Contaminations
D005260 Female Females
D005934 Glucagon A 29-amino acid pancreatic peptide derived from proglucagon which is also the precursor of intestinal GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDES. Glucagon is secreted by PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS and plays an important role in regulation of BLOOD GLUCOSE concentration, ketone metabolism, and several other biochemical and physiological processes. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1511) Glucagon (1-29),Glukagon,HG-Factor,Hyperglycemic-Glycogenolytic Factor,Proglucagon (33-61),HG Factor,Hyperglycemic Glycogenolytic Factor

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