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Chromosomal, clinical, and psychological data are presented on members of six families with X-linked mental retardation. Affected males in three of these families express the fra(X)(q28) marker, while the retarded males in the other three do not. Similar variable physical and psychological characteristics, such a lop ears, large testes, and perseverative speech, are present in affected males in all six families. Preliminary analysis of the psychological data also shows that males with and without marker expression cannot be differentiated with certainty. On this basis we suggest that there is a type of X-linked mental retardation with many phenotypic features of marker-X mental retardation but without expression of the X chromosome fragile site.
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