Biomaterial Database

Fungal contamination and mycotoxin detection of powdered herbal drugs. 1978

H Hitokoto, and S Morozumi, and T Wauke, and S Sakai, and H Kurata

Forty-nine powdered herbal drugs were analyzed for their mold profile and for the potential presence of three mycotoxins (aflatoxin, sterigmatocystin, ochratoxin A). Aspergillus and Penicillium species were predominant, but Rhizopus, Mucor, Cladosporium, and Aureobasidium spp. were also found in a few samples. Mycotoxins were not detected in any samples, and only one isolated culture was found to be a mycotoxin producer on laboratory media.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D009183	Mycotoxins	Toxic compounds produced by FUNGI.	Fungal Toxins,Mycotoxin,Toxins, Fungal
D009793	Ochratoxins	Isocoumarins found in ASPERGILLUS OCHRACEUS and other FUNGI. Ochratoxin contaminated FOOD has been responsible for cases of FOODBORNE DISEASES.	Ochratoxin
D010407	Penicillium	A mitosporic Trichocomaceae fungal genus that develops fruiting organs resembling a broom. When identified, teleomorphs include EUPENICILLIUM and TALAROMYCES. Several species (but especially PENICILLIUM CHRYSOGENUM) are sources of the antibiotic penicillin.	Penicilliums
D011208	Powders	Substances made up of an aggregation of small particles, as that obtained by grinding or trituration of a solid drug. In pharmacy it is a form in which substances are administered. (From Dorland, 28th ed)	Powder
D004340	Drug Contamination	The presence of organisms, or any foreign material that makes a drug preparation impure.	Drug Adulteration,Drug Contamination, Chemical,Drug Contamination, Microbial,Drug Contamination, Physical,Drug Impurity,Adulteration, Drug,Chemical Drug Contamination,Chemical Drug Contaminations,Contamination, Chemical Drug,Contamination, Drug,Contamination, Microbial Drug,Contamination, Physical Drug,Contaminations, Chemical Drug,Contaminations, Microbial Drug,Contaminations, Physical Drug,Drug Adulterations,Drug Contaminations,Drug Contaminations, Chemical,Drug Contaminations, Microbial,Drug Contaminations, Physical,Drug Impurities,Impurity, Drug,Microbial Drug Contamination,Microbial Drug Contaminations,Physical Drug Contamination,Physical Drug Contaminations
D005658	Fungi	A kingdom of eukaryotic, heterotrophic organisms that live parasitically as saprobes, including MUSHROOMS; YEASTS; smuts, molds, etc. They reproduce either sexually or asexually, and have life cycles that range from simple to complex. Filamentous fungi, commonly known as molds, refer to those that grow as multicellular colonies.	Fungi, Filamentous,Molds,Filamentous Fungi,Filamentous Fungus,Fungus,Fungus, Filamentous,Mold
D000348	Aflatoxins	Furano-furano-benzopyrans that are produced by ASPERGILLUS from STERIGMATOCYSTIN. They are structurally related to COUMARINS and easily oxidized to an epoxide form to become ALKYLATING AGENTS. Members of the group include AFLATOXIN B1; aflatoxin B2, aflatoxin G1, aflatoxin G2; AFLATOXIN M1; and aflatoxin M2.	Aflatoxin
D001230	Aspergillus	A genus of mitosporic fungi containing about 100 species and eleven different teleomorphs in the family Trichocomaceae.
D013045	Species Specificity	The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.	Species Specificities,Specificities, Species,Specificity, Species
D013241	Sterigmatocystin	A carcinogenic mycotoxin produced in high yields by strains of the common molds, Aspergillus versicolor, A. nidulans, and an unidentified species of Bipolaris. It causes necrosis of the liver and kidney and has an inhibitory effect on orotic acid incorporation into nuclear RNA.