The complications of injection sclerotherapy were retrospectively studied in 122 patients with acute variceal bleeding. Initial control of bleeding was achieved in 72.5 per cent of patients and the final success rate of sclerotherapy was 86.1 per cent. The overall morbidity rate was 30.3 per cent. Minor complications occurred in 13.9 per cent of patients and major complications were recorded in 16.4 per cent. Twenty patients developed complications directly attributable to sclerotherapy: 14 minor and 6 major. The overall mortality rate was 21.3 per cent, and 7.4 per cent of the patients died due to complications. Pulmonary complications occurred in 15 patients and resulted in 3 deaths. Retrosternal pain developed in 8 patients, but dysphagia and oesophageal ulceration were rare. No stricture was recorded. The incidence of liver failure in 17 Child's grade C cases was almost certainly a complication of the underlying disease rather than the injection therapy. It is suggested that injection sclerotherapy is an effective and relatively safe treatment for variceal bleeding.