Biomaterial Database

Response of typhoid fever caused by chloramphenicol-susceptible and chloramphenicol-resistant strains of Salmonella typhi to treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. 1982

T Butler, and L Rumans, and K Arnold

Chloramphenicol remains the drug of choice for the treatment of typhoid fever in most areas despite the risks of relapses and toxicity. In a comparison of the efficacy of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) and chloramphenicol against typhoid fever, 60 patients in Indonesia were randomly assigned to receive either TMP-SMZ (320 mg of TMP and 1,600 mg of SMZ daily) or chloramphenicol (2 g daily) for 14 days. TMP-SMZ was significantly more effective in sterilizing the blood, but the two drugs were equally effective with regard to relapse rate, frequency of prolonged fever, and mortality. Use of TMP-SMZ in Vietnam for the treatment of typhoid fever caused by chloramphenicol-resistant Salmonella typhi showed that TMP-SMZ is as effective as ampicillin. Likewise, a review of other published reports suggests that TMP-SMZ has an overall record in the treatment of typhoid fever that is equal to or better than the records of other available drugs. TMP-SMZ has emerged as a satisfactory alternative to chloramphenicol for the treatment of typhoid fever and should be especially useful in areas where chloramphenicol-resistant S. typhi has been isolated.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007214	Indonesia	A republic stretching from the Indian Ocean east to New Guinea, comprising six main islands: Java, Sumatra, Bali, Kalimantan (the Indonesian portion of the island of Borneo), Sulawesi (formerly known as the Celebes) and Irian Jaya (the western part of New Guinea). Its capital is Djakarta. The ethnic groups living there are largely Chinese, Arab, Eurasian, Indian, and Pakistani; 85% of the peoples are of the Islamic faith.	Celebes,Indonesian New Guinea,Irian Jaya,Java,Madoera,Netherlands East Indies,New Guinea, Indonesian,New Guinea, West,Sulawesi,Sumatra,Timor,West Irian,Bali,East Indies,Madura,Malay Archipelago
D008297	Male		Males
D008875	Middle Aged	An adult aged 45 - 64 years.	Middle Age
D010403	Penicillin Resistance	Nonsusceptibility of an organism to the action of penicillins.	Penicillin Resistances,Resistance, Penicillin,Resistances, Penicillin
D002648	Child	A person 6 to 12 years of age. An individual 2 to 5 years old is CHILD, PRESCHOOL.	Children
D002701	Chloramphenicol	An antibiotic first isolated from cultures of Streptomyces venequelae in 1947 but now produced synthetically. It has a relatively simple structure and was the first broad-spectrum antibiotic to be discovered. It acts by interfering with bacterial protein synthesis and is mainly bacteriostatic. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 29th ed, p106)	Cloranfenicol,Kloramfenikol,Levomycetin,Amphenicol,Amphenicols,Chlornitromycin,Chlorocid,Chloromycetin,Detreomycin,Ophthochlor,Syntomycin
D004338	Drug Combinations	Single preparations containing two or more active agents, for the purpose of their concurrent administration as a fixed dose mixture.	Drug Combination,Combination, Drug,Combinations, Drug
D005260	Female		Females
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000293	Adolescent	A person 13 to 18 years of age.	Adolescence,Youth,Adolescents,Adolescents, Female,Adolescents, Male,Teenagers,Teens,Adolescent, Female,Adolescent, Male,Female Adolescent,Female Adolescents,Male Adolescent,Male Adolescents,Teen,Teenager,Youths