Light-induced free-radical reactions of nucleic acid constituents. Effect of sequence and base--base interactions on the reactivity of purines and pyrimidines in ribonucleotides. 1978

E Livneh, and D Elad, and J Sperling

The reaction with 2-propanol of purines and pyrimidines, induced photochemically with light of lambda greater than 300 nm and di-tert-butyl peroxide as an initiator, was applied to a variety of adenosine-, guanosine-, and uridine-containing ribonucleotides in order to determine the rules which govern the reactivity of the heterocyclic bases of nucleotides. The reactivity of the purine moieties was found to depend on the conformation of the appropriate nucleotide (anti or syn) and on the site of binding of the phosphate group to the ribose moiety. Adenosine moieties (assuming an anti conformation) blocked at their 3'-hydroxyl reacted faster than those blocked at their 5'-hydroxyl. The reactivity of the guanosine moieties (tending to assume a syn conformation) was independent of the site of binding of the phosphate. The uridine moieties of the various nucleotides exhibited a wide range of reactivity. A correlation between the reactivity of the uridines and their involvement in stacking interactions with next- and second-neighboring purines could be made. Thus, the uridine moieties of U-U-U, G-U, U-G, A-U-A, and A-U-G were reactive, while those of A-U and A-U-U were unreactive. The relative reactivity of uridine moieties of nucleotides can, therefore, be used as a measure of the extent of pyrimidine-purine stacking and vice versa.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007700 Kinetics The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.
D010545 Peroxides A group of compounds that contain a bivalent O-O group, i.e., the oxygen atoms are univalent. They can either be inorganic or organic in nature. Such compounds release atomic (nascent) oxygen readily. Thus they are strong oxidizing agents and fire hazards when in contact with combustible materials, especially under high-temperature conditions. The chief industrial uses of peroxides are as oxidizing agents, bleaching agents, and initiators of polymerization. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed) Peroxide
D010777 Photochemistry A branch of physical chemistry which studies chemical reactions, isomerization and physical behavior that may occur under the influence of visible and/or ultraviolet light. Photochemistries
D011687 Purines A series of heterocyclic compounds that are variously substituted in nature and are known also as purine bases. They include ADENINE and GUANINE, constituents of nucleic acids, as well as many alkaloids such as CAFFEINE and THEOPHYLLINE. Uric acid is the metabolic end product of purine metabolism.
D011743 Pyrimidines A family of 6-membered heterocyclic compounds occurring in nature in a wide variety of forms. They include several nucleic acid constituents (CYTOSINE; THYMINE; and URACIL) and form the basic structure of the barbiturates.
D002621 Chemistry A basic science concerned with the composition, structure, and properties of matter; and the reactions that occur between substances and the associated energy exchange.
D005609 Free Radicals Highly reactive molecules with an unsatisfied electron valence pair. Free radicals are produced in both normal and pathological processes. Free radicals include reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS). They are proven or suspected agents of tissue damage in a wide variety of circumstances including radiation, damage from environment chemicals, and aging. Natural and pharmacological prevention of free radical damage is being actively investigated. Free Radical
D000478 Alkylation The covalent bonding of an alkyl group to an organic compound. It can occur by a simple addition reaction or by substitution of another functional group. Alkylations
D012265 Ribonucleotides Nucleotides in which the purine or pyrimidine base is combined with ribose. (Dorland, 28th ed) Ribonucleoside Phosphates,Ribonucleotide,Phosphates, Ribonucleoside
D055598 Chemical Phenomena The composition, structure, conformation, and properties of atoms and molecules, and their reaction and interaction processes. Chemical Concepts,Chemical Processes,Physical Chemistry Concepts,Physical Chemistry Processes,Physicochemical Concepts,Physicochemical Phenomena,Physicochemical Processes,Chemical Phenomenon,Chemical Process,Physical Chemistry Phenomena,Physical Chemistry Process,Physicochemical Phenomenon,Physicochemical Process,Chemical Concept,Chemistry Process, Physical,Chemistry Processes, Physical,Concept, Chemical,Concept, Physical Chemistry,Concept, Physicochemical,Concepts, Chemical,Concepts, Physical Chemistry,Concepts, Physicochemical,Phenomena, Chemical,Phenomena, Physical Chemistry,Phenomena, Physicochemical,Phenomenon, Chemical,Phenomenon, Physicochemical,Physical Chemistry Concept,Physicochemical Concept,Process, Chemical,Process, Physical Chemistry,Process, Physicochemical,Processes, Chemical,Processes, Physical Chemistry,Processes, Physicochemical

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