Biomaterial Database

Differences in active sodium transport through frog skin with various experimental setups. 1982

M Takada

Four experimental setups for examining active sodium transport by frog skin were examined and compared. They were: (I) a cannula, the interior of which faces the dermis; (II) a cannula, the interior of which faced the epidermis; (III) an Ussing-type chamber without gaskets; and (IV) an Ussing-type chamber with gaskets. The experiments were out in SO4-Ringer's solution. In control saline, the magnitude of the short circuit current (SCC microA/cm2) was in the order: I greater than III greater than II not equal to IV, while the magnitude of skin resistance (RM, k omega . cm2) and potential difference were: II not equal to IV greater than III greater than I. The responses of the skin to amiloride and cadmium varied greatly according to the various setups employed. Amiloride decreased the SCC and increased the RM. The percent differences from the control SCC and RM showed I not equal to IV greater than II and IV not equal to II greater than I, respectively. On the other hand, cadmium increased the SCC and decreased the RM. The orders of percent differences from the control SCC and RM were IV not equal to II greater than I and II not equal to IV greater than I. The effect of calcium gluconate on the active Na transport was also different depending on the various setups used; the responses to epidermal and dermal Ca-gluconate were quite opposite. The above seemingly curious findings are discussed in terms of the ENa, RNa, and R sigma obtained with Helman's Na-free saline method. From the present investigation, it is clear that careful attention should be given to the interpretation of experimental results in active transport studies when various kinds of setups are employed.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008297	Male		Males
D011892	Rana catesbeiana	A species of the family Ranidae (true frogs). The only anuran properly referred to by the common name "bullfrog", it is the largest native anuran in North America.	Bullfrog,Bullfrogs,Rana catesbeianas,catesbeiana, Rana
D002104	Cadmium	An element with atomic symbol Cd, atomic number 48, and atomic weight 112.41. It is a metal and ingestion will lead to CADMIUM POISONING.
D002118	Calcium	A basic element found in nearly all tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.	Coagulation Factor IV,Factor IV,Blood Coagulation Factor IV,Calcium-40,Calcium 40,Factor IV, Coagulation
D005260	Female		Females
D000200	Action Potentials	Abrupt changes in the membrane potential that sweep along the CELL MEMBRANE of excitable cells in response to excitation stimuli.	Spike Potentials,Nerve Impulses,Action Potential,Impulse, Nerve,Impulses, Nerve,Nerve Impulse,Potential, Action,Potential, Spike,Potentials, Action,Potentials, Spike,Spike Potential
D000584	Amiloride	A pyrazine compound inhibiting SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS. This inhibition creates a negative potential in the luminal membranes of principal cells, located in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct. Negative potential reduces secretion of potassium and hydrogen ions. Amiloride is used in conjunction with DIURETICS to spare POTASSIUM loss. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p705)	Amidal,Amiduret Trom,Amiloberag,Amiloride Hydrochloride,Amiloride Hydrochloride, Anhydrous,Kaluril,Midamor,Midoride,Modamide,Anhydrous Amiloride Hydrochloride,Hydrochloride, Amiloride,Hydrochloride, Anhydrous Amiloride,Trom, Amiduret
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D001693	Biological Transport, Active	The movement of materials across cell membranes and epithelial layers against an electrochemical gradient, requiring the expenditure of metabolic energy.	Active Transport,Uphill Transport,Active Biological Transport,Biologic Transport, Active,Transport, Active Biological,Active Biologic Transport,Transport, Active,Transport, Active Biologic,Transport, Uphill
D012867	Skin	The outer covering of the body that protects it from the environment. It is composed of the DERMIS and the EPIDERMIS.