The contribution of the mesolimbic dopamine pathway to feeding behavior was investigated in rats in which feeding responses were elicited by electrical stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle at the level of the lateral hypothalamus. Injections of spiroperidol, a dopamine antagonist, into the nucleus accumbens ipsilateral to the stimulating electrode significantly attenuated the elicited feeding responses whereas injecting spiroperidol into the contralateral nucleus accumbens had no effect. The spontaneous discharge rates of neurons of the ventral tegmental area, identified by their electrophysiological characteristics as dopaminergic, were both increased and decreased in response to single pulse stimulation of sites in the medial forebrain bundle from which feeding responses had been elicited. These observations suggest that mesolimbic dopaminergic neurons may have a role in feeding behavior and indicate the need for chronic electrophysiological recording experiments to see whether or not the activity of these neurons is correlated with the initiation of elicited and spontaneous feeding responses.