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Classification of beta-lactamase-producing bacteria. 1982

R Sutherland

The resistance of bacteria to beta-lactam antibiotics, penicillins or cephalosporins, is usually associated with the production of beta-lactamase enzymes which are capable of inactivating these compounds. A number of recent surveys have reported a significant increase in the frequency of isolation of beta-lactamase-producing strains of bacteria from infections in general practice in the United Kingdom. A wide variety of bacterial beta-lactamases with different properties have been described and it is now recognised that most bacteria produce a chromosomally-mediated beta-lactamase which is characteristic of each species. In addition, Gram-negative bacteria may acquire beta-lactamases which are mediated by plasmids which are readily transferable by cell to cell contact. Schemes for the classification of bacterial beta-lactamases are outlined.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D011815 R Factors A class of plasmids that transfer antibiotic resistance from one bacterium to another by conjugation. R Factor,R Plasmid,R Plasmids,Resistance Factor,Resistance Factors,Factor, R,Factor, Resistance,Factors, R,Factors, Resistance,Plasmid, R,Plasmids, R
D002876 Chromosomes, Bacterial Structures within the nucleus of bacterial cells consisting of or containing DNA, which carry genetic information essential to the cell. Bacterial Chromosome,Bacterial Chromosomes,Chromosome, Bacterial
D002969 Clavulanic Acids Acids, salts, and derivatives of clavulanic acid (C8H9O5N). They consist of those beta-lactam compounds that differ from penicillin in having the sulfur of the thiazolidine ring replaced by an oxygen. They have limited antibacterial action, but block bacterial beta-lactamase irreversibly, so that similar antibiotics are not broken down by the bacterial enzymes and therefore can exert their antibacterial effects. Acids, Clavulanic
D001419 Bacteria One of the three domains of life (the others being Eukarya and ARCHAEA), also called Eubacteria. They are unicellular prokaryotic microorganisms which generally possess rigid cell walls, multiply by cell division, and exhibit three principal forms: round or coccal, rodlike or bacillary, and spiral or spirochetal. Bacteria can be classified by their response to OXYGEN: aerobic, anaerobic, or facultatively anaerobic; by the mode by which they obtain their energy: chemotrophy (via chemical reaction) or PHOTOTROPHY (via light reaction); for chemotrophs by their source of chemical energy: CHEMOLITHOTROPHY (from inorganic compounds) or chemoorganotrophy (from organic compounds); and by their source for CARBON; NITROGEN; etc.; HETEROTROPHY (from organic sources) or AUTOTROPHY (from CARBON DIOXIDE). They can also be classified by whether or not they stain (based on the structure of their CELL WALLS) with CRYSTAL VIOLET dye: gram-negative or gram-positive. Eubacteria
D001618 beta-Lactamases Enzymes found in many bacteria which catalyze the hydrolysis of the amide bond in the beta-lactam ring. Well known antibiotics destroyed by these enzymes are penicillins and cephalosporins. beta-Lactamase,beta Lactamase,beta Lactamases
D013211 Staphylococcus aureus Potentially pathogenic bacteria found in nasal membranes, skin, hair follicles, and perineum of warm-blooded animals. They may cause a wide range of infections and intoxications.
D019818 Clavulanic Acid A beta-lactam antibiotic produced by the actinobacterium Streptomyces clavuligerus. It is a suicide inhibitor of bacterial beta-lactamase enzymes. Administered alone, it has only weak antibacterial activity against most organisms, but given in combination with other beta-lactam antibiotics it prevents antibiotic inactivation by microbial lactamase. Clavulanate,BRL-14151,Clavulanate Potassium,Clavulanic Acid, Monopotassium Salt,Clavulanic Acid, Monosodium Salt,MM-14151,Potassium Clavulanate,Sodium Clavulanate,BRL 14151,BRL14151,Clavulanate, Potassium,Clavulanate, Sodium,MM 14151,MM14151,Potassium, Clavulanate
D065093 beta-Lactamase Inhibitors Endogenous substances and drugs that inhibit or block the activity of BETA-LACTAMASES. beta Lactamase Inhibitor,beta Lactamase Inhibitors,beta-Lactamase Inhibitor,beta Lactamase Antagonists,Antagonists, beta Lactamase,Inhibitor, beta Lactamase,Inhibitor, beta-Lactamase,Inhibitors, beta Lactamase,Inhibitors, beta-Lactamase,Lactamase Antagonists, beta,Lactamase Inhibitor, beta,Lactamase Inhibitors, beta

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