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Immunoperoxidase technique and light microscopy were used to investigate the distribution of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) in mouse and rat brain. Both 50 micrometers unmounted cryostat and 6 micrometers deparaffinized sections were studied in coronal or sagittal plane. At least 4 different major VIP systems were found: (1) an intracerebral cortical system; (2) one innervating the central amygdala and nucleus of the stria terminalis; (3) a pathway originating in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypo thalamus; and (4) another originating in the central grey of the midbrain. Specific cell body staining was seen in the limbic and neocortex, in the basal-caudal portion of the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus, and in the central grey of the midbrain. Heavy terminal field patterns were noted in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, central amygdaloid nucleus, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and nucleus accumbens. Fiber density was moderate in the tuberculum olfactoriu, anterior hypothalamus including the medial preoptic area, mediobasal hypothalamus (especially dorsomedial region), periventricular thalamus, lateral lemniscal system, parabrachial nucleus, nucleus solitarius, and area postrema. Fibers could be traced dorsally from the suprachiasmatic nucleus to the dorsomedial and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus and the periventricular nucleus of the thalamus. Scattered cell bodies and fibers were found in a number of other forebrain and brain stem areas with only a rare fiber seen in median eminence.
K B Sims, and
D L Hoffman, and
S I Said, and
E A Zimmerman
March 1995,
Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine,
K B Sims, and
D L Hoffman, and
S I Said, and
E A Zimmerman
June 2002,
Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine,
K B Sims, and
D L Hoffman, and
S I Said, and
E A Zimmerman
December 1999,
Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine,
K B Sims, and
D L Hoffman, and
S I Said, and
E A Zimmerman
July 2010,
Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine,
K B Sims, and
D L Hoffman, and
S I Said, and
E A Zimmerman
August 2005,
Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine,
K B Sims, and
D L Hoffman, and
S I Said, and
E A Zimmerman
August 1980,
Medical biology,
K B Sims, and
D L Hoffman, and
S I Said, and
E A Zimmerman
January 1982,
Brain research,
K B Sims, and
D L Hoffman, and
S I Said, and
E A Zimmerman
November 1979,
Brain research,
K B Sims, and
D L Hoffman, and
S I Said, and
E A Zimmerman
January 1991,
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences,
K B Sims, and
D L Hoffman, and
S I Said, and
E A Zimmerman
January 1979,
Life sciences,
