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Biochemical and bone scintigraphic studies were performed in nondiabetic and diabetic patients receiving hemodialysis at the time of kidney transplantation to assess the degree of secondary hyperparathyroidism. Despite lower serum calcium concentrations, diabetic patients had significantly lower parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels than nondiabetic patients. In addition, diabetic patients had lower graded total-skeletal scintigraphic scores than nondiabetic patients. The PTH levels showed positive correlations with bone scan scores and with alkaline phosphatase in nondiabetic patients but not in diabetic patients. Avascular necrosis occurred in 17% of nondiabetic patients and in only 2% of diabetic patients. Patients with avascular necrosis had significantly higher PTH levels than patients without avascular necrosis. Diabetes mellitus seems to confer a protective effect from the skeletal manifestations of secondary hyperparathyroidism, including avascular necrosis.
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