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Experimental spina bifida and associated malformations. 1981

J Warkany, and B A O'Toole

Seven litters and 17 near-term rats of mothers treated with teratogens during gestation were analyzed for concordance and discordance of congenital malformations of the central nervous system. In animals with spina bifida a firm association with Arnold-Chiari malformation was found but only in fetuses near term. Associations with aqueduct stenosis and hydrocephalus were poor. In general, the findings support the theory that the components of the spina bifida complex develop from a common teratogenic disturbance but independent from each other.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D002535 Cerebral Aqueduct Narrow channel in the MESENCEPHALON that connects the third and fourth CEREBRAL VENTRICLES. Aqueduct of Sylvius,Aqueductus Cerebri,Mesencephalic Aqueduct,Mesencephalic Duct,Sylvian Aqueduct,Aqueduct, Cerebral,Aqueduct, Mesencephalic,Aqueduct, Sylvian,Aqueducts, Cerebral,Aqueducts, Mesencephalic,Aqueducts, Sylvian,Aqueductus Cerebrus,Cerebral Aqueducts,Cerebri, Aqueductus,Cerebrus, Aqueductus,Duct, Mesencephalic,Ducts, Mesencephalic,Mesencephalic Aqueducts,Mesencephalic Ducts,Sylvian Aqueducts,Sylvius Aqueduct
D006849 Hydrocephalus Excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid within the cranium which may be associated with dilation of cerebral ventricles, INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION; HEADACHE; lethargy; URINARY INCONTINENCE; and ATAXIA. Communicating Hydrocephalus,Congenital Hydrocephalus,Obstructive Hydrocephalus,Post-Traumatic Hydrocephalus,Aqueductal Stenosis,Cerebral Ventriculomegaly,Fetal Cerebral Ventriculomegaly,Hydrocephalus Ex-Vacuo,Hydrocephaly,Aqueductal Stenoses,Cerebral Ventriculomegalies,Cerebral Ventriculomegalies, Fetal,Cerebral Ventriculomegaly, Fetal,Fetal Cerebral Ventriculomegalies,Hydrocephalus Ex Vacuo,Hydrocephalus Ex-Vacuos,Hydrocephalus, Communicating,Hydrocephalus, Congenital,Hydrocephalus, Obstructive,Hydrocephalus, Post-Traumatic,Post Traumatic Hydrocephalus,Stenoses, Aqueductal,Stenosis, Aqueductal,Ventriculomegalies, Cerebral,Ventriculomegalies, Fetal Cerebral,Ventriculomegaly, Cerebral,Ventriculomegaly, Fetal Cerebral
D000014 Abnormalities, Drug-Induced Congenital abnormalities caused by medicinal substances or drugs of abuse given to or taken by the mother, or to which she is inadvertently exposed during the manufacture of such substances. The concept excludes abnormalities resulting from exposure to non-medicinal chemicals in the environment. Drug-Induced Abnormalities,Abnormalities, Drug Induced,Abnormality, Drug-Induced,Drug Induced Abnormalities,Drug-Induced Abnormality
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D001139 Arnold-Chiari Malformation A group of congenital malformations involving the brainstem, cerebellum, upper spinal cord, and surrounding bony structures. Type II is the most common, and features compression of the medulla and cerebellar tonsils into the upper cervical spinal canal and an associated MENINGOMYELOCELE. Type I features similar, but less severe malformations and is without an associated meningomyelocele. Type III has the features of type II with an additional herniation of the entire cerebellum through the bony defect involving the foramen magnum, forming an ENCEPHALOCELE. Type IV is a form a cerebellar hypoplasia. Clinical manifestations of types I-III include TORTICOLLIS; opisthotonus; HEADACHE; VERTIGO; VOCAL CORD PARALYSIS; APNEA; NYSTAGMUS, CONGENITAL; swallowing difficulties; and ATAXIA. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p261; Davis, Textbook of Neuropathology, 2nd ed, pp236-46) Arnold-Chiari Deformity,Arnold-Chiari Malformation, Type 1,Arnold-Chiari Malformation, Type 2,Arnold-Chiari Malformation, Type 3,Arnold-Chiari Malformation, Type 4,Arnold-Chiari Malformation, Type I,Arnold-Chiari Malformation, Type II,Arnold-Chiari Malformation, Type III,Arnold-Chiari Malformation, Type IV,Arnold-Chiari Syndrome,Chiari Malformation Type 2,Chiari Malformation Type I,Chiari Malformation Type II,Malformation, Arnold-Chiari,Type I Arnold-Chiari Malformation,Type II Arnold-Chiari Malformation,Type III Arnold-Chiari Malformation,Type IV Arnold-Chiari Malformation,Arnold Chiari Deformity,Arnold Chiari Malformation,Arnold Chiari Malformation, Type 1,Arnold Chiari Malformation, Type 2,Arnold Chiari Malformation, Type 3,Arnold Chiari Malformation, Type 4,Arnold Chiari Malformation, Type I,Arnold Chiari Malformation, Type II,Arnold Chiari Malformation, Type III,Arnold Chiari Malformation, Type IV,Arnold Chiari Syndrome,Deformity, Arnold-Chiari,Malformation, Arnold Chiari,Syndrome, Arnold-Chiari,Type I Arnold Chiari Malformation,Type II Arnold Chiari Malformation,Type III Arnold Chiari Malformation,Type IV Arnold Chiari Malformation
D012459 Salicylates The salts or esters of salicylic acids, or salicylate esters of an organic acid. Some of these have analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis. Salicylate,Salicylic Acids,Acids, Salicylic
D014343 Trypan Blue A diazo-naphthalene sulfonate that is widely used as a stain. Diamine Blue,Niagara Blue,VisionBlue,Blue, Diamine,Blue, Niagara,Blue, Trypan
D016136 Spina Bifida Occulta A common congenital midline defect of fusion of the vertebral arch without protrusion of the spinal cord or meninges. The lesion is also covered by skin. L5 and S1 are the most common vertebrae involved. The condition may be associated with an overlying area of hyperpigmented skin, a dermal sinus, or an abnormal patch of hair. The majority of individuals with this malformation are asymptomatic although there is an increased incidence of tethered cord syndrome and lumbar SPONDYLOSIS. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch55, p34) Dermal Sinus,Spinal Bifida, Closed,Occult Spina Bifida,Closed Spinal Bifida,Sinus, Dermal,Spina Bifida, Occult
D051381 Rats The common name for the genus Rattus. Rattus,Rats, Laboratory,Rats, Norway,Rattus norvegicus,Laboratory Rat,Laboratory Rats,Norway Rat,Norway Rats,Rat,Rat, Laboratory,Rat, Norway,norvegicus, Rattus

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