From 1940 to 1977, a total of 152 children aged 15 years or less with the histologic diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease were treated in Argentina. For analysis, these patients were placed into three periods which displayed the most outstanding changes in diagnostic workup and therapy. The periods are as follows: (1) 1940 to 1966 (43 children), (2) 1967 to 1972 (35 children), and (3) 1973 to 1977 (74 children). The patients were treated with extended field radiation therapy and followed by courses of cyclophosphamide-vinblastine-procarbazine-prednisone, with CCNU added (CCVPP) or not added (CVPP) in a randomized trial. The mean age of the whole group was 7.5 years (range 2 to 15 years) and there was a predominance of males (79%). Crude 6-year survival for the three periods were as follows: 1940 to 1966, 34%; 1967 to 1972, 50%; and 1973 to 1977, 79%. We conclude that (1) survival of Hodgkin's disease of childhood has shown a rather marked improvement during the last decade and this progress is probably due to the use of combined multidrug chemotherapy administered under collaborative controlled clinical trials; (2) preliminary evaluation of the results of CVPP and CCVPP therapy shows that the latter combination (CCVPP) neither increases the percent of patients achieving complete remission nor prolongs relapse-survival in Hodgkin's disease of childhood: and (3) all stages of childhood Hodgkin's disease can be successfully managed with multidrug chemotherapy alone.