Biomaterial Database

[Detection of special radionuclides in waste water from nuclear power plants]. 1981

J Arndt, and I Gans, and H Rühle

For the nuclear power stations in the Federal Republic of Germany, the emissions of the radionuclides C 14, P 32, Fe 55 and Ni 63 in liquid effluents were investigated for several years. For the seven nuclear power stations, for which C 14 was measured for years, the releases in liquid effluents were in the range of 1 to 67 mCi. Yearly releases of P 32 generally do not exceed 0,5 mCi. Exceptions are boiling water reactors during the first two or three years after starting operation. Yearly releases up to 30 mCi were measured. The releases of Fe 55 and Ni 63 are in the range of 1 to 20 mCi per year and thus, in general, low compared to the releases of other activated corrosion products. As a consequence of decontamination measures especially during long shut down of a facility, yearly releases up to 68 mCi of Fe 55 and 190 mCi of Ni 63 occurred. The hypothetical radiation exposure of the public, resulting from these releases is low. The dose is below 1 mrem/a.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007504	Iron Radioisotopes	Unstable isotopes of iron that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Fe atoms with atomic weights 52, 53, 55, and 59-61 are radioactive iron isotopes.	Radioisotopes, Iron
D009532	Nickel	A trace element with the atomic symbol Ni, atomic number 28, and atomic weight 58.69. It is a cofactor of the enzyme UREASE.
D009688	Nuclear Reactors	Devices containing fissionable material in sufficient quantity and so arranged as to be capable of maintaining a controlled, self-sustaining NUCLEAR FISSION chain reaction. They are also known as atomic piles, atomic reactors, fission reactors, and nuclear piles, although such names are deprecated. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)	Nuclear Reactor,Reactor, Nuclear,Reactors, Nuclear
D010761	Phosphorus Radioisotopes	Unstable isotopes of phosphorus that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. P atoms with atomic weights 28-34 except 31 are radioactive phosphorus isotopes.	Radioisotopes, Phosphorus
D011210	Power Plants	Units that convert some other form of energy into electrical energy.	Electric Power Plants,Hydroelectric Power Plants,Thermoelectric Power Plants,Electric Power Plant,Hydroelectric Power Plant,Plant, Electric Power,Plant, Hydroelectric Power,Plant, Power,Plant, Thermoelectric Power,Plants, Electric Power,Plants, Hydroelectric Power,Plants, Power,Plants, Thermoelectric Power,Power Plant,Power Plant, Electric,Power Plant, Hydroelectric,Power Plant, Thermoelectric,Power Plants, Electric,Power Plants, Hydroelectric,Power Plants, Thermoelectric,Thermoelectric Power Plant
D011829	Radiation Dosage	The amount of radiation energy that is deposited in a unit mass of material, such as tissues of plants or animal. In RADIOTHERAPY, radiation dosage is expressed in gray units (Gy). In RADIOLOGIC HEALTH, the dosage is expressed by the product of absorbed dose (Gy) and quality factor (a function of linear energy transfer), and is called radiation dose equivalent in sievert units (Sv).	Sievert Units,Dosage, Radiation,Gray Units,Gy Radiation,Sv Radiation Dose Equivalent,Dosages, Radiation,Radiation Dosages,Units, Gray,Units, Sievert
D011834	Radiation Monitoring	The observation, either continuously or at intervals, of the levels of radiation in a given area, generally for the purpose of assuring that they have not exceeded prescribed amounts or, in case of radiation already present in the area, assuring that the levels have returned to those meeting acceptable safety standards.	Monitoring, Radiation
D011868	Radioisotopes	Isotopes that exhibit radioactivity and undergo radioactive decay. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed & McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)	Daughter Isotope,Daughter Nuclide,Radioactive Isotope,Radioactive Isotopes,Radiogenic Isotope,Radioisotope,Radionuclide,Radionuclides,Daughter Nuclides,Daugter Isotopes,Radiogenic Isotopes,Isotope, Daughter,Isotope, Radioactive,Isotope, Radiogenic,Isotopes, Daugter,Isotopes, Radioactive,Isotopes, Radiogenic,Nuclide, Daughter,Nuclides, Daughter
D002250	Carbon Radioisotopes	Unstable isotopes of carbon that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. C atoms with atomic weights 10, 11, and 14-16 are radioactive carbon isotopes.	Radioisotopes, Carbon
D005860	Germany, West	The former Federal Republic of Germany which was reunified with the former German Democratic Republic in 1990.	Federal Republic of Germany,Germany, Federal Republic of