Biomaterial Database

In vitro biosynthesis of the tetrasialoganglioside GQ1b. 1982

H C Yohe, and L J Macala, and R K Yu

A sialyltransferase activity which catalyzes the synthesis of the tetrasialoganglioside GQ1b (N-acetylneuraminyl-N-acetylneuraminylgalactosyl-N-acetylgalactosaminyl [N-acetylneuraminyl-N-acetylneuraminyl]-galactosylglucosylceramide) from added trisialoganglioside GT1b (N-=acetylneuraminylgalactosyl-N-acetylgalactosaminyl [N-acetylneuraminyl-N-acetylneuraminyl]galactosylglucosylceramide) and CMP-N-acetyl[4-14C]neuraminic acid has been demonstrated using a membrane fraction of embryonic chick brain. Optimum enzymatic activity was obtained using the detergent Triton CF-54 at a pH of 6.6. Enzyme activity appeared unaffected by Ca2+, Mg2+, Mn2+, EDTA, or histone. A slight elevation in activity was seen in the presence of Hg2+. When the disialoganglioside GD1b (galactosyl-N-acetylgalactosaminyl [N-acetylneuraminyl-N-acetylneuraminyl]galactosylglucosylceramide) was used as the glycolipid substrate, approximately 15% of the radioactive label was found in GQ1b. When this GQ1b was subjected to a periodate oxidation-borohydride reduction, the distribution of radioactive label was consistent with GQ1b being the major tetrasialoganglioside product and that its synthesis could proceed via the sequence GD1b-GT1b-GQ1b.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007700	Kinetics	The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.
D009438	Neuraminic Acids	Nine-carbon deoxyamino SUGAR ACIDS that are substrates for NEURAMINIDASE. Their derivatives include SIALIC ACIDS.	Acids, Neuraminic
D001921	Brain	The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.	Encephalon
D002413	Cations, Divalent	Positively charged atoms, radicals or groups of atoms with a valence of plus 2, which travel to the cathode or negative pole during electrolysis.	Divalent Cations
D002462	Cell Membrane	The lipid- and protein-containing, selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.	Plasma Membrane,Cytoplasmic Membrane,Cell Membranes,Cytoplasmic Membranes,Membrane, Cell,Membrane, Cytoplasmic,Membrane, Plasma,Membranes, Cell,Membranes, Cytoplasmic,Membranes, Plasma,Plasma Membranes
D002642	Chick Embryo	The developmental entity of a fertilized chicken egg (ZYGOTE). The developmental process begins about 24 h before the egg is laid at the BLASTODISC, a small whitish spot on the surface of the EGG YOLK. After 21 days of incubation, the embryo is fully developed before hatching.	Embryo, Chick,Chick Embryos,Embryos, Chick
D003902	Detergents	Purifying or cleansing agents, usually salts of long-chain aliphatic bases or acids, that exert cleansing (oil-dissolving) and antimicrobial effects through a surface action that depends on possessing both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties.	Cleansing Agents,Detergent Pods,Laundry Detergent Pods,Laundry Pods,Syndet,Synthetic Detergent,Agent, Cleansing,Agents, Cleansing,Cleansing Agent,Detergent,Detergent Pod,Detergent Pod, Laundry,Detergent Pods, Laundry,Detergent, Synthetic,Detergents, Synthetic,Laundry Detergent Pod,Laundry Pod,Pod, Detergent,Pod, Laundry,Pod, Laundry Detergent,Pods, Detergent,Pods, Laundry,Pods, Laundry Detergent,Synthetic Detergents
D005732	Gangliosides	A subclass of ACIDIC GLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS. They contain one or more sialic acid (N-ACETYLNEURAMINIC ACID) residues. Using the Svennerholm system of abbrevations, gangliosides are designated G for ganglioside, plus subscript M, D, or T for mono-, di-, or trisialo, respectively, the subscript letter being followed by a subscript arabic numeral to indicated sequence of migration in thin-layer chromatograms. (From Oxford Dictionary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1997)	Ganglioside,Sialoglycosphingolipids
D006863	Hydrogen-Ion Concentration	The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH	pH,Concentration, Hydrogen-Ion,Concentrations, Hydrogen-Ion,Hydrogen Ion Concentration,Hydrogen-Ion Concentrations
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia