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Nonenterotoxigenic strains no. 1196-78 and no. 1074-78 of Vibrio cholerae serogroup O1 (biotype El Tor, serotype Ogawa) were isolated from sewage water in Brazil and fed to 20 volunteers. Neither strain caused diarrhea. None of the seven volunteers who ingested Ogawa strain no. 1074-78 (10(6) organisms) excreted the organism whereas eight of the 13 volunteers who ingested Ogawa strain no. 1196-78 (10(6) or 10(8) organisms) did excrete the organism in their stools. None of 114 stool-culture isolates yielded cholera enterotoxin, and none of the 20 volunteers had significant increases in serum titers of antitoxin as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay although six of the volunteers had slightly elevated vibriocidal antibody levels. Six volunteers used as controls and four volunteers who had stool cultures positive for strain no. 1196-78 of V. cholerae were challenged with pathogenic El Tor Ogawa strain no. E7946 (10(6) organisms) to determine if previous ingestion of the Brazilian strain would induce protective immunity. All 10 of the volunteers developed diarrhea, and the severity of the illness was similar in both groups.
M M Levine, and
R E Black, and
M L Clements, and
L Cisneros, and
A Saah, and
D R Nalin, and
D M Gill, and
J P Craig, and
C R Young, and
P Ristaino
January 2020,
Scientific reports,
M M Levine, and
R E Black, and
M L Clements, and
L Cisneros, and
A Saah, and
D R Nalin, and
D M Gill, and
J P Craig, and
C R Young, and
P Ristaino
April 2007,
The Brazilian journal of infectious diseases : an official publication of the Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases,
M M Levine, and
R E Black, and
M L Clements, and
L Cisneros, and
A Saah, and
D R Nalin, and
D M Gill, and
J P Craig, and
C R Young, and
P Ristaino
March 1994,
Lancet (London, England),
M M Levine, and
R E Black, and
M L Clements, and
L Cisneros, and
A Saah, and
D R Nalin, and
D M Gill, and
J P Craig, and
C R Young, and
P Ristaino
May 2012,
MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report,
M M Levine, and
R E Black, and
M L Clements, and
L Cisneros, and
A Saah, and
D R Nalin, and
D M Gill, and
J P Craig, and
C R Young, and
P Ristaino
March 1986,
Infection and immunity,
M M Levine, and
R E Black, and
M L Clements, and
L Cisneros, and
A Saah, and
D R Nalin, and
D M Gill, and
J P Craig, and
C R Young, and
P Ristaino
June 2014,
MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report,
M M Levine, and
R E Black, and
M L Clements, and
L Cisneros, and
A Saah, and
D R Nalin, and
D M Gill, and
J P Craig, and
C R Young, and
P Ristaino
November 1991,
CDR (London, England : Weekly),
M M Levine, and
R E Black, and
M L Clements, and
L Cisneros, and
A Saah, and
D R Nalin, and
D M Gill, and
J P Craig, and
C R Young, and
P Ristaino
March 2020,
Zhonghua yu fang yi xue za zhi [Chinese journal of preventive medicine],
M M Levine, and
R E Black, and
M L Clements, and
L Cisneros, and
A Saah, and
D R Nalin, and
D M Gill, and
J P Craig, and
C R Young, and
P Ristaino
January 1967,
Bulletin of the World Health Organization,
M M Levine, and
R E Black, and
M L Clements, and
L Cisneros, and
A Saah, and
D R Nalin, and
D M Gill, and
J P Craig, and
C R Young, and
P Ristaino
June 1993,
Journal of clinical microbiology,
