Locus of reaction time change in schizophrenics and normal subjects. 1982

R D Schneider, and N R Cauthen

Simple reaction time (RT) obtained from trials presented in isotemporal series (preparatory intervals of the same duration) were partitioned into premyographic and myographic time components for 20 schizophrenic and 20 normal subjects according to a previously developed procedure. This procedure allowed for an examination of the relative contributions made by these RT components to: a) overall mean reaction time; and b) the crossover pattern of responding as first observed by David Shakow. In addition, a within-subject comparison of the traditional press-release motor task and an alternative press-only motor task was made. Differential predictions were made as to the effect of the task manipulation from: a) the loss of major set; and b) the reactive inhibition interpretational positions. It was found that the schizophrenics' crossover pattern of responding was specific to the press-release task. Furthermore, it was apparent that both premyographic and myographic components of the RT interval contributed to: a) their overall longer mean RTs, as well as b) their increased magnitude of crossover. The results were seen as supporting the view that inhibitory processes triggered by the increased levels of arousal during the isotemporal series are responsible for the schizophrenics' crossover pattern of responding on the press-release task. It was noted that the loss of major set explanation need not be seen as incompatible with a reactive inhibition explanation of the crossover effect.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008297 Male Males
D009048 Motor Skills Performance of complex motor acts. Motor Skill,Skill, Motor,Skills, Motor
D011930 Reaction Time The time from the onset of a stimulus until a response is observed. Response Latency,Response Speed,Response Time,Latency, Response,Reaction Times,Response Latencies,Response Times,Speed, Response,Speeds, Response
D011931 Reactive Inhibition Tendency toward a lessened strength of response due to practice or activity. It is independent of the effect of reward and is a direct function of time interval since the last response and the number of preceding responses. Inhibition, Reactive,Inhibitions, Reactive,Reactive Inhibitions
D004576 Electromyography Recording of the changes in electric potential of muscle by means of surface or needle electrodes. Electromyogram,Surface Electromyography,Electromyograms,Electromyographies,Electromyographies, Surface,Electromyography, Surface,Surface Electromyographies
D005260 Female Females
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000328 Adult A person having attained full growth or maturity. Adults are of 19 through 44 years of age. For a person between 19 and 24 years of age, YOUNG ADULT is available. Adults
D001143 Arousal Cortical vigilance or readiness of tone, presumed to be in response to sensory stimulation via the reticular activating system. Vigilance, Cortical,Arousals,Cortical Vigilance
D001288 Attention Focusing on certain aspects of current experience to the exclusion of others. It is the act of heeding or taking notice or concentrating. Focus of Attention,Selective Attention,Social Attention,Attention Focus,Attention, Selective,Attention, Social,Selective Attentions

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