Seven-year prospective study of mortality among the selected male population born in 1909--1918 showed that in some cases the region of high death risk is noted not only in the upper but also in the lower decyls and that of low risk in the center of the distribution of some of the ischemic heart disease (IHD) risk factors. Differentiation of the whole population into groups of individuals with IHD and those without IHD according to the findings of the initial examination enabled the authors to distinguish various tendencies of changes in the death risk depending on the arterial pressure levels and the lipid content. In prolongation of the period of observation of the population it is necessary to take into consideration the variability of the risk factors as well as the development of new cases with IHD in the period after the first examination.