Since for the time being there might not be a causal therapy of arteriosclerosis one depends on recognition and influence upon the so-called factors of risk. Up to now these factors have only a statistical but no inevitably causal significance. The aim should be to comprehend groups of endangered persons in the stage of health or, respectively, in the still repairable early stage of the disease to perform a true primary and secondary prevention. In the later stages in the best way a cure of the defect or possible a retardation of the course of the disease and prevention of complications may be achieved.