[Intermediate moisture foods: polysaccharide and protein gels]. 1978

C Cheftel, and M Bousquet-Ricard, and G Quayle, and S Guilbert, and L Elguezabal, and R Masset

The aim of this study was to prepare concentrated foods (20-40 p. 100 water), edible as such, chemically and microbiologically stable, nutritionally balanced, and which could be used as meal substitutes (travel, camping, snacks, etc.). With high methoxyl pectins, it was possible to obtain a pectic gel (pH 3,5), similar to a fruit jelly, but containing 20 p. 100 d.w. protein, and less sucrose. Water activity (Aw) was 0,75-0,78, for a 25 p. 100 water content, as a result of adding glucose syrup and sorbitol. After 4 months storage at 20 or 38 degrees C in aluminium pouches, no mold growth was detected (even following prior inoculation) nor practically any change in flavor, texture of Aw. With low methoxyl pectins, gel foods richer in water (35 p. 100), softer, less acid (pH 4,3) and containing even less sugars have been prepared (26 p. 100 d.w. protein, 35 p. 100 carbohydrates, 15 p. 100 lipids). Aw was lowered to 0,84 by adding humectants (sucrose, glycerol, sorbitol, citric acid, sodium citrate and chloride). Starch gels (40 p. 100 starch/d.w.), of pH less than 4,5, containing proteins and lipids, were flavored with vegetale powders. For 30 p. 100 water and with humectants, Aw was 0,84-0,88. The texture changes more or less favorably with time according to the nature of the starch used. Using the technology of processed cheeses, protein gels were made with either of the following characteristics: 1. A reduced Aw (0,86, for 38 p. 100 water) by adding humectants, but with a soft texture similar to that of a processed swiss cheese; 2. The same reduced Aw, with a starch content of 26 p. 100/d.w., and a harder texture, comparable to that of Emmenthal cheese.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D010368 Pectins High molecular weight polysaccharides present in the cell walls of all plants. Pectins cement cell walls together. They are used as emulsifiers and stabilizers in the food industry. They have been tried for a variety of therapeutic uses including as antidiarrheals, where they are now generally considered ineffective, and in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. Calcium Pectinate,Methoxy Pectin,Methoxylpectin,Methoxypectin,Pectin,Pectinic Acid,Zinc Pectinate,Pectin, Methoxy,Pectinate, Calcium,Pectinate, Zinc
D011134 Polysaccharides Long chain polymeric CARBOHYDRATES composed of MONOSACCHARIDES linked by glycosidic bonds. Glycan,Glycans,Polysaccharide
D002611 Cheese A nutritious food consisting primarily of the curd or the semisolid substance formed when milk coagulates. Cheeses
D004040 Dietary Carbohydrates Carbohydrates present in food comprising digestible sugars and starches and indigestible cellulose and other dietary fibers. The former are the major source of energy. The sugars are in beet and cane sugar, fruits, honey, sweet corn, corn syrup, milk and milk products, etc.; the starches are in cereal grains, legumes (FABACEAE), tubers, etc. (From Claudio & Lagua, Nutrition and Diet Therapy Dictionary, 3d ed, p32, p277) Carbohydrates, Dietary,Carbohydrate, Dietary,Dietary Carbohydrate
D004044 Dietary Proteins Proteins obtained from foods. They are the main source of the ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS. Proteins, Dietary,Dietary Protein,Protein, Dietary
D005511 Food Handling Any aspect of the operations in the preparation, processing, transport, storage, packaging, wrapping, exposure for sale, service, or delivery of food. Food Processing,Handling, Food,Processing, Food
D005519 Food Preservation Procedures or techniques used to keep food from spoiling. Preservation, Food
D005782 Gels Colloids with a solid continuous phase and liquid as the dispersed phase; gels may be unstable when, due to temperature or other cause, the solid phase liquefies; the resulting colloid is called a sol.
D013213 Starch Any of a group of polysaccharides of the general formula (C6-H10-O5)n, composed of a long-chain polymer of glucose in the form of amylose and amylopectin. It is the chief storage form of energy reserve (carbohydrates) in plants. Amylomaize Starch,Amylum,Cornstarch,Keoflo,Starch, Amylomaize
D014867 Water A clear, odorless, tasteless liquid that is essential for most animal and plant life and is an excellent solvent for many substances. The chemical formula is hydrogen oxide (H2O). (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed) Hydrogen Oxide

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