The authors review 66 case reports of trauma involving major vessels of the limbs in children and confirm the seriousness of these lesions. It becomes apparent that iatrogenic lesions are quite frequent especially after arterial punctures and arteriographies in general. They stress the importance of clinical diagnosis in vascular blocks. Arteriography should be exceptionally used for infants. Management should aim at restoring vascular continuity by deobstruction, suture or vein grafting. The ideal solution is often easily obtained when repair is undertaken quickly. Normal blood flow was satisfactorily obtained in only 36 patients whereas poor results in the remaining cases was explained because of delayed action. Sequellae are severe and more frequently encountered when blood flow is not restored. On the other hand, the repercussions on growth and development of the limb after chronic ischemia is still not a proven fact. Finally, the authors underline the severe consequences of thromboses after arteriographies by femoral puncture in infants.