The effects of an intravenous infusion of 15(S)-15-methyl prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha) on oviductal motility and ovum transport were studied in women who were scheduled for elective tubal sterilization. Infusion rates of 0.38 microgram/kg/hour or higher caused an increase in oviductal motility in all patients. Lower infusion rates did not always cause a stimulation of motility. Low infusion rates generally caused an increase in the amplitude of contractions without any effect on basal oviductal tone. The higher infusion rates usually caused a large increase in basal tone as well as an increase in the amplitude of contractions. Ova were recovered from the oviducts of five patients who had received an intravenous infusion of 15(S)-15methyl PGF2alpha. The ova were recovered from the ampulla in three patients, from the ampullary-isthmic junction in one patient, and from the isthmus in one patient. Since one would expect to recover ova from the oviducts at similar times under normal circumstances, there was no evidence that this prostaglandin treatment caused an acceleration of ovum transport. These data support the conclusion that a PGF analog which stimulates oviductal motility does not necessarily also accelerate ovum transport in women.