Temporal and voltage-induced changes of reflectivity (R), the optical phase difference in transmitted polarized light, of tension and total capacity of bilayer lipid membrane (BLM) were studied. The membranes were mainly formed from total brain phospholipids (TP) in n-alkanes. 1) Reflectivity of "black" regions of films made of TP in decane and hexadecane decreases by several percent with a time constant (tauR) of about 30 min, whereas that of membranes with hexane and heptane does not depend on time (with an accuracy up to 1--2%). The BLM tension decreases appreciably in the course of time and reaches its steady-state value in tens of minutes after complete blackening of the membrane. 2) Under prolonged (up to tens of minutes) action of voltage (V) no R changes of BLMs with hexane, heptane, and hexadecane were revealed at a noise level of 0.2%. Blms with decane usually respond to voltage application, first by a rapid (jump-like) and then by a slow decrease of R with a value spread from 0.2% to 3%. 3) With higher amplitude and temporal resolutions of the signal (signal averaging method) it can be seen that after voltage jump R decreases down to a new steady-state value: at V = 100 mV, deltaR/R = -(2--4) . 10(-4) and tauR approximately 0.1 msec for BLMs from TP in heptane, and deltaR/R = -(3--6) . 10(-2) and tauR approximately 2 msec for BLMs from oxidized cholesterol in decane. It is shown in the latter case that the great value of deltaR/R is due to the contribution of invisible microlenses. In all the cases deltaR approximately V2. 4) It is concluded that at voltage jump a bilayer first becomes thinner due to volumic compression of its hydrocarbon core; then it spreads with a time constant of the order of 0.1 msec, getting thinner until a new equilibrium state is reached. Complete change of bilayer thickness is detah/h approximately -10(-4) at 100 mV.