Biomaterial Database

Influence of polyunsaturated fats on composition of plasma lipoproteins and apolipoproteins. 1982

G L Vega, and E Groszek, and R Wolf, and S M Grundy

The mechanisms of the hypocholesterolemic effect of polyunsaturated fats (PUSF) are not well understood. One possibility is that these fats uniquely reduce the cholesterol content of lipoproteins. The present study was carried out to determine specifically whether the ratio of cholesterol-to-protein (or apoB) in LDL (or other lipoproteins) is reduced by PUSF; also, lipoprotein composition was examined for other possible changes. Eight men and two women with different levels of plasma cholesterol were studied on the metabolic ward for 8 weeks. They were given a diet high in saturated fats (SF) for 4 weeks and another rich in PUSF for 4 weeks. On PUSF diets, mean plasma cholesterol decreased by 25% (SF = 296 +/- 27 (SEM) vs. PUSF = 223 +/- 21 mg/dl) as did total plasma apoB (155 +/- 8 vs. 116 +/- 13 mg/dl). LDL-Cholesterol decreased by 26%, and LDL-apoB fell by 29%. The mean ratio of cholesterol-to-apoB did not change significantly (SF = 1.52 +/- 0.04 vs. PUSF = 1.48 +/- 0.07). Likewise, HDL-cholesterol decreased by 15% (SF = 51 +/- 5 vs. PUSF = 43 +/- 4 mg/dl), and total plasma apoA-I was reduced by 19% (95 +/- 15 vs. 77 +/- 6 mg/dl); also, no change in the cholesterol-to-apoA-I in HDL was noted. Finally, there were no changes in cholesterol/apoB or triglyceride/apoB ratios in VLDL despite a 23% decrease in plasma triglycerides on PUSF. Thus, the hypocholesterolemic effect of PUSF was uniform for all lipoproteins and usually was accompanied by a corresponding decrease in concentrations of apoprotein constituents.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008074	Lipoproteins	Lipid-protein complexes involved in the transportation and metabolism of lipids in the body. They are spherical particles consisting of a hydrophobic core of TRIGLYCERIDES and CHOLESTEROL ESTERS surrounded by a layer of hydrophilic free CHOLESTEROL; PHOSPHOLIPIDS; and APOLIPOPROTEINS. Lipoproteins are classified by their varying buoyant density and sizes.	Circulating Lipoproteins,Lipoprotein,Lipoproteins, Circulating
D008075	Lipoproteins, HDL	A class of lipoproteins of small size (4-13 nm) and dense (greater than 1.063 g/ml) particles. HDL lipoproteins, synthesized in the liver without a lipid core, accumulate cholesterol esters from peripheral tissues and transport them to the liver for re-utilization or elimination from the body (the reverse cholesterol transport). Their major protein component is APOLIPOPROTEIN A-I. HDL also shuttle APOLIPOPROTEINS C and APOLIPOPROTEINS E to and from triglyceride-rich lipoproteins during their catabolism. HDL plasma level has been inversely correlated with the risk of cardiovascular diseases.	High Density Lipoprotein,High-Density Lipoprotein,High-Density Lipoproteins,alpha-Lipoprotein,alpha-Lipoproteins,Heavy Lipoproteins,alpha-1 Lipoprotein,Density Lipoprotein, High,HDL Lipoproteins,High Density Lipoproteins,Lipoprotein, High Density,Lipoprotein, High-Density,Lipoproteins, Heavy,Lipoproteins, High-Density,alpha Lipoprotein,alpha Lipoproteins
D008077	Lipoproteins, LDL	A class of lipoproteins of small size (18-25 nm) and light (1.019-1.063 g/ml) particles with a core composed mainly of CHOLESTEROL ESTERS and smaller amounts of TRIGLYCERIDES. The surface monolayer consists mostly of PHOSPHOLIPIDS, a single copy of APOLIPOPROTEIN B-100, and free cholesterol molecules. The main LDL function is to transport cholesterol and cholesterol esters to extrahepatic tissues.	Low-Density Lipoprotein,Low-Density Lipoproteins,beta-Lipoprotein,beta-Lipoproteins,LDL(1),LDL(2),LDL-1,LDL-2,LDL1,LDL2,Low-Density Lipoprotein 1,Low-Density Lipoprotein 2,LDL Lipoproteins,Lipoprotein, Low-Density,Lipoproteins, Low-Density,Low Density Lipoprotein,Low Density Lipoprotein 1,Low Density Lipoprotein 2,Low Density Lipoproteins,beta Lipoprotein,beta Lipoproteins
D008079	Lipoproteins, VLDL	A class of lipoproteins of very light (0.93-1.006 g/ml) large size (30-80 nm) particles with a core composed mainly of TRIGLYCERIDES and a surface monolayer of PHOSPHOLIPIDS and CHOLESTEROL into which are imbedded the apolipoproteins B, E, and C. VLDL facilitates the transport of endogenously made triglycerides to extrahepatic tissues. As triglycerides and Apo C are removed, VLDL is converted to INTERMEDIATE-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS, then to LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS from which cholesterol is delivered to the extrahepatic tissues.	Pre-beta-Lipoprotein,Prebeta-Lipoprotein,Prebeta-Lipoproteins,Very Low Density Lipoprotein,Very-Low-Density Lipoprotein,Very-Low-Density Lipoproteins,Lipoprotein VLDL II,Lipoproteins, VLDL I,Lipoproteins, VLDL III,Lipoproteins, VLDL1,Lipoproteins, VLDL2,Lipoproteins, VLDL3,Pre-beta-Lipoproteins,Lipoprotein, Very-Low-Density,Lipoproteins, Very-Low-Density,Pre beta Lipoprotein,Pre beta Lipoproteins,Prebeta Lipoprotein,Prebeta Lipoproteins,VLDL Lipoproteins,VLDL1 Lipoproteins,VLDL2 Lipoproteins,VLDL3 Lipoproteins,Very Low Density Lipoproteins
D008297	Male		Males
D008875	Middle Aged	An adult aged 45 - 64 years.	Middle Age
D004041	Dietary Fats	Fats present in food, especially in animal products such as meat, meat products, butter, ghee. They are present in lower amounts in nuts, seeds, and avocados.	Fats, Dietary,Dietary Fat,Fat, Dietary
D005224	Fats, Unsaturated	Fats containing one or more double bonds, as from oleic acid, an unsaturated fatty acid.	Oils, Unsaturated,Unsaturated Fat,Unsaturated Fats,Unsaturated Oils,Fat, Unsaturated
D005260	Female		Females
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man