Biomaterial Database

Plasmid-mediated sulfanilamide resistance. 1978

T Nagate, and M Inoue, and K Inoue, and S Mitsuhashi

Dihydropteroate synthetase (DHPS) is specified by a substrain of Escherichia coli K12, ML1410. This enzyme activity is inhibited by sulfanilamides (Sa) and is known to be heat-stable, i.e., an Sa-sensitive normal enzyme. Another DHPS activity specified by E. coli ML1410 carrying drug resistance plasmids is Sa-resistant but heat-sensitive, i.e., an Sa-resistant enzyme. Most plasmids encoding single Sa or double (Sa. Tc or Sa. Sm) (Tc, tetracycline; Sm, streptomycin) resistance mediate the formation of this type of DHPS. Therefore, E. coli carrying these plasmids becomes diploid for DHPS, i.e., an Sa-resistant and an Sa-sensitive normal enzyme. The biochemical mechanism of Sa resistance mediated by plasmids encoding triple (Cm.Sm.Sa; Tc.Sm.Sa) and quadruple (Cm.Tc.Sm.Sa) resistance is not due to the formation of an altered DHPS but probably due to the decrease in permeation of the drug into the cell. The evolutionary process of the formation of Sa-resistance determinants on plasmids is discussed based on the presence of two types of Sa resistance mechanism.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007700	Kinetics	The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.
D011489	Protein Denaturation	Disruption of the non-covalent bonds and/or disulfide bonds responsible for maintaining the three-dimensional shape and activity of the native protein.	Denaturation, Protein,Denaturations, Protein,Protein Denaturations
D011815	R Factors	A class of plasmids that transfer antibiotic resistance from one bacterium to another by conjugation.	R Factor,R Plasmid,R Plasmids,Resistance Factor,Resistance Factors,Factor, R,Factor, Resistance,Factors, R,Factors, Resistance,Plasmid, R,Plasmids, R
D004094	Dihydropteroate Synthase	An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of dihydropteroate from p-aminobenzoic acid and dihydropteridine-hydroxymethyl-pyrophosphate. EC 2.5.1.15.	Dihydropteroate Pyrophosphorylase,Dihydropteroate Synthetase,Pyrophosphorylase, Dihydropteroate,Synthase, Dihydropteroate,Synthetase, Dihydropteroate
D006358	Hot Temperature	Presence of warmth or heat or a temperature notably higher than an accustomed norm.	Heat,Hot Temperatures,Temperature, Hot,Temperatures, Hot
D001419	Bacteria	One of the three domains of life (the others being Eukarya and ARCHAEA), also called Eubacteria. They are unicellular prokaryotic microorganisms which generally possess rigid cell walls, multiply by cell division, and exhibit three principal forms: round or coccal, rodlike or bacillary, and spiral or spirochetal. Bacteria can be classified by their response to OXYGEN: aerobic, anaerobic, or facultatively anaerobic; by the mode by which they obtain their energy: chemotrophy (via chemical reaction) or PHOTOTROPHY (via light reaction); for chemotrophs by their source of chemical energy: CHEMOLITHOTROPHY (from inorganic compounds) or chemoorganotrophy (from organic compounds); and by their source for CARBON; NITROGEN; etc.; HETEROTROPHY (from organic sources) or AUTOTROPHY (from CARBON DIOXIDE). They can also be classified by whether or not they stain (based on the structure of their CELL WALLS) with CRYSTAL VIOLET dye: gram-negative or gram-positive.	Eubacteria
D013424	Sulfanilamides	Compounds based on 4-aminobenzenesulfonamide. The '-anil-' part of the name refers to aniline.	Sulphanilamides
D014166	Transferases	Transferases are enzymes transferring a group, for example, the methyl group or a glycosyl group, from one compound (generally regarded as donor) to another compound (generally regarded as acceptor). The classification is based on the scheme "donor:acceptor group transferase". (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 2.	Transferase