In all recurrent urinary tract infections and fever attacks of unknown origin in children one should consider the possibility of the presence of an vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) and suitable examinations should be carried out. A further indication of the possible presence of a childish reflux is manifest when enuresis occurs beyond the normal age for this phenomenon. In order to determine whether or not a reflux is present an ad hoc examinational procedure is necessary. There is a definite indication that a VUR operation is called for in cases of pronounced grades of reflux with a corresponding change in the ostia, in the case of marked pyelonephritic changes which are roentgenologically demonstrable and after a conservative treatment of six months.