Backward, simultaneous, and forward masking as a function of signal delay and frequency. 1981

D R Soderquist, and A A Carstens, and G J Frank

Backward, simultaneous, and forward masking were investigated in 7 normal-hearing adults using a 1-kc/s sinusoid masker of 250 msec duration and 60 db SPL. 10-msec sinusoidal signals (probes) were varied in frequency (.4, .8, .9, .95, 1.05, 1.1, 1.2, 1.6 kc/s) and temporal location, delta t, prior to (-250, -150, -40, -20, -10, -2 msec re: masker onset), during (2, 10, 20, 40, 125, 250 msec re: masker onset), or following (2, 10, 20, 40, 125, 250 msec re: masker offset). The double random staircase psychophysical method (Cornsweet, 1962) was used in all conditions. Monotic thresholds were obtained for the backward and forward masking conditions. Dichotic and monotic thresholds were collected for the simultaneous condition. Results showed: (a) Backward masking. The greatest masking (up to 25 db) occurred between 0.0 and -40 msec when the signal probe was within +/- .2 cps of the masker. There was a linear decrease in masking as a function of delta t; masking effects extended to 250 msec. (b) Forward masking. The data revealed no masking beyond 125 msec delta t, an asymmetry in the masking pattern, relatively large threshold shifts (up to 33 db) when delta t was less than 40 msec and the signal was approximately +/- .2 kc/s within the masker. (c) Simultaneous masking. Overshoot occurred at onset and offset for both dichotic and monotic conditions; onset overshoot was larger in both conditions. The data revealed more forward masking than backward masking at equivalent absolute delta t values. Data were discussed in terms of cochlear vibration patterns and hypothesized central mechanisms.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008568 Memory Complex mental function having four distinct phases: (1) memorizing or learning, (2) retention, (3) recall, and (4) recognition. Clinically, it is usually subdivided into immediate, recent, and remote memory.
D010470 Perceptual Masking The interference of one perceptual stimulus with another causing a decrease or lessening in perceptual effectiveness. Masking, Perceptual,Maskings, Perceptual,Perceptual Maskings
D010898 Pitch Perception A dimension of auditory sensation varying with cycles per second of the sound stimulus. Perception, Pitch,Perceptions, Pitch,Pitch Perceptions
D011571 Psychoacoustics The science pertaining to the interrelationship of psychologic phenomena and the individual's response to the physical properties of sound. Psychoacoustic
D011939 Mental Recall The process whereby a representation of past experience is elicited. Recall, Mental
D004292 Dominance, Cerebral Dominance of one cerebral hemisphere over the other in cerebral functions. Cerebral Dominance,Hemispheric Specialization,Dominances, Cerebral,Specialization, Hemispheric
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000328 Adult A person having attained full growth or maturity. Adults are of 19 through 44 years of age. For a person between 19 and 24 years of age, YOUNG ADULT is available. Adults
D001309 Auditory Threshold The audibility limit of discriminating sound intensity and pitch. Auditory Thresholds,Threshold, Auditory,Thresholds, Auditory

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