Biomaterial Database

The effect of osmotic pressure on the intestinal absorption of sulfafurazol and ethanol in the rat. 1980

M Marvola, and L Lehmussaari, and L Niinimäki

The aim of the present study was to extend our earlier research into the effect of osmotic pressure on the intestinal absorption of drugs. In the experiments rats and an in situ technique were used. Sulfafurazol and ethanol were test substances and osmotic pressure was adjusted by NaCl, KNO3 or Na2SO4. From the results it was concluded that if all other factors are excluded the effect of the osmotic pressure of the vehicle is such that an isotonic solution has the best extent of bioavailability. Bioavailability decreases both when osmotic pressure decreases and when it increases. However, the decreasing effect of hypertonic solutions is stronger than that of hypotonic solutions. Although NaCl, KNO3 and Na2SO4, are often mentioned as alternative salts for adjusting osmotic pressure they are not equal in respect of their ability to alter the absorption of a drug.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007408	Intestinal Absorption	Uptake of substances through the lining of the INTESTINES.	Absorption, Intestinal
D007700	Kinetics	The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.
D008297	Male		Males
D009566	Nitrates	Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical.	Nitrate
D009997	Osmotic Pressure	The pressure required to prevent the passage of solvent through a semipermeable membrane that separates a pure solvent from a solution of the solvent and solute or that separates different concentrations of a solution. It is proportional to the osmolality of the solution.	Osmotic Shock,Hypertonic Shock,Hypertonic Stress,Hypotonic Shock,Hypotonic Stress,Osmotic Stress,Hypertonic Shocks,Hypertonic Stresses,Hypotonic Shocks,Hypotonic Stresses,Osmotic Pressures,Osmotic Shocks,Osmotic Stresses,Pressure, Osmotic,Pressures, Osmotic,Shock, Hypertonic,Shock, Hypotonic,Shock, Osmotic,Shocks, Hypertonic,Shocks, Hypotonic,Shocks, Osmotic,Stress, Hypertonic,Stress, Hypotonic,Stress, Osmotic,Stresses, Hypertonic,Stresses, Hypotonic,Stresses, Osmotic
D000431	Ethanol	A clear, colorless liquid rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and distributed throughout the body. It has bactericidal activity and is used often as a topical disinfectant. It is widely used as a solvent and preservative in pharmaceutical preparations as well as serving as the primary ingredient in ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES.	Alcohol, Ethyl,Absolute Alcohol,Grain Alcohol,Alcohol, Absolute,Alcohol, Grain,Ethyl Alcohol
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D001682	Biological Availability	The extent to which the active ingredient of a drug dosage form becomes available at the site of drug action or in a biological medium believed to reflect accessibility to a site of action.	Availability Equivalency,Bioavailability,Physiologic Availability,Availability, Biologic,Availability, Biological,Availability, Physiologic,Biologic Availability,Availabilities, Biologic,Availabilities, Biological,Availabilities, Physiologic,Availability Equivalencies,Bioavailabilities,Biologic Availabilities,Biological Availabilities,Equivalencies, Availability,Equivalency, Availability,Physiologic Availabilities
D012965	Sodium Chloride	A ubiquitous sodium salt that is commonly used to season food.	Sodium Chloride, (22)Na,Sodium Chloride, (24)NaCl
D013431	Sulfates	Inorganic salts of sulfuric acid.	Sulfate,Sulfates, Inorganic,Inorganic Sulfates