Biomaterial Database

[Properties of reconstituted transhydrogenase from mitochondria]. 1981

A A Kondrashin, and M B Murataliev, and T T Berezov

The membrane vesicles (proteoliposomes) have been reconstituted from soya bean phospholipids and mitochondrial transhydrogenase (EC 1.6.1.1) by a self-assembly procedure. Palmitoyl-CoA and Mg2+ inhibit the rate of NAD+ reduction by NADPH in these proteoliposomes as well as in these submitochondrial particles. After solubilization of transhydrogenase from submitochondrial particles membranes the specific activity of the enzyme decrease and then again increases (more than 4.5 times) after its incorporation into the proteoliposomal membranes. An addition of potassium cholate to the proteoliposomal suspension further increases the rate of the direct transhydrogenase reaction (by 35--40%) due to the function of the oppositely oriented molecules of transhydrogenase. The Michaelis constants for NAD+ and NADPH for transhydrogenase proteoliposomes are 27 microM and 30 microM, respectively. These data are practically coincident with the results obtained for submitochondrial particles (21 and 33 microM, respectively). Thus, the incorporation of transhydrogenase into proteoliposomal membranes results in reconstitution of both electrogenic and the most essential kinetic properties of the enzyme.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007700	Kinetics	The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.
D008928	Mitochondria	Semiautonomous, self-reproducing organelles that occur in the cytoplasm of all cells of most, but not all, eukaryotes. Each mitochondrion is surrounded by a double limiting membrane. The inner membrane is highly invaginated, and its projections are called cristae. Mitochondria are the sites of the reactions of oxidative phosphorylation, which result in the formation of ATP. They contain distinctive RIBOSOMES, transfer RNAs (RNA, TRANSFER); AMINO ACYL T RNA SYNTHETASES; and elongation and termination factors. Mitochondria depend upon genes within the nucleus of the cells in which they reside for many essential messenger RNAs (RNA, MESSENGER). Mitochondria are believed to have arisen from aerobic bacteria that established a symbiotic relationship with primitive protoeukaryotes. (King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)	Mitochondrial Contraction,Mitochondrion,Contraction, Mitochondrial,Contractions, Mitochondrial,Mitochondrial Contractions
D008929	Mitochondria, Heart	The mitochondria of the myocardium.	Heart Mitochondria,Myocardial Mitochondria,Mitochondrion, Heart,Heart Mitochondrion,Mitochondria, Myocardial
D009243	NAD	A coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-diphosphate coupled to adenosine 5'-phosphate by pyrophosphate linkage. It is found widely in nature and is involved in numerous enzymatic reactions in which it serves as an electron carrier by being alternately oxidized (NAD+) and reduced (NADH). (Dorland, 27th ed)	Coenzyme I,DPN,Diphosphopyridine Nucleotide,Nadide,Nicotinamide-Adenine Dinucleotide,Dihydronicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide,NADH,Adenine Dinucleotide, Dihydronicotinamide,Dinucleotide, Dihydronicotinamide Adenine,Dinucleotide, Nicotinamide-Adenine,Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide,Nucleotide, Diphosphopyridine
D009247	NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases	A group of oxidoreductases that act on NADH or NADPH. In general, enzymes using NADH or NADPH to reduce a substrate are classified according to the reverse reaction, in which NAD+ or NADP+ is formally regarded as an acceptor. This subclass includes only those enzymes in which some other redox carrier is the acceptor. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p100) EC 1.6.	Oxidoreductases, NADH, NADPH,NADPH Oxidoreductases NADH,Oxidoreductases NADH, NADPH
D009249	NADP	Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. A coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-phosphate (NMN) coupled by pyrophosphate linkage to the 5'-phosphate adenosine 2',5'-bisphosphate. It serves as an electron carrier in a number of reactions, being alternately oxidized (NADP+) and reduced (NADPH). (Dorland, 27th ed)	Coenzyme II,Nicotinamide-Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate,Triphosphopyridine Nucleotide,NADPH,Dinucleotide Phosphate, Nicotinamide-Adenine,Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate,Nucleotide, Triphosphopyridine,Phosphate, Nicotinamide-Adenine Dinucleotide
D009250	NADP Transhydrogenases	Enzymes that catalyze the reversible reduction of NAD by NADPH to yield NADP and NADH. This reaction permits the utilization of the reducing properties of NADPH by the respiratory chain and in the reverse direction it allows the reduction of NADP for biosynthetic purposes.	NADP Transhydrogenase,Pyridine Nucleotide Transhydrogenase,Energy-Linked Transhydrogenase,NAD Transhydrogenase,NADPH NAD Transhydrogenase,NADPH Transferase,Nicotinamide Nucleotide Transhydrogenase,Energy Linked Transhydrogenase,NAD Transhydrogenase, NADPH,Nucleotide Transhydrogenase, Nicotinamide,Nucleotide Transhydrogenase, Pyridine,Transferase, NADPH,Transhydrogenase, Energy-Linked,Transhydrogenase, NAD,Transhydrogenase, NADP,Transhydrogenase, NADPH NAD,Transhydrogenase, Nicotinamide Nucleotide,Transhydrogenase, Pyridine Nucleotide,Transhydrogenases, NADP
D010743	Phospholipids	Lipids containing one or more phosphate groups, particularly those derived from either glycerol (phosphoglycerides see GLYCEROPHOSPHOLIPIDS) or sphingosine (SPHINGOLIPIDS). They are polar lipids that are of great importance for the structure and function of cell membranes and are the most abundant of membrane lipids, although not stored in large amounts in the system.	Phosphatides,Phospholipid
D011510	Proteolipids	Protein-lipid combinations abundant in brain tissue, but also present in a wide variety of animal and plant tissues. In contrast to lipoproteins, they are insoluble in water, but soluble in a chloroform-methanol mixture. The protein moiety has a high content of hydrophobic amino acids. The associated lipids consist of a mixture of GLYCEROPHOSPHATES; CEREBROSIDES; and SULFOGLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS; while lipoproteins contain PHOSPHOLIPIDS; CHOLESTEROL; and TRIGLYCERIDES.
D002417	Cattle	Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.	Beef Cow,Bos grunniens,Bos indicus,Bos indicus Cattle,Bos taurus,Cow,Cow, Domestic,Dairy Cow,Holstein Cow,Indicine Cattle,Taurine Cattle,Taurus Cattle,Yak,Zebu,Beef Cows,Bos indicus Cattles,Cattle, Bos indicus,Cattle, Indicine,Cattle, Taurine,Cattle, Taurus,Cattles, Bos indicus,Cattles, Indicine,Cattles, Taurine,Cattles, Taurus,Cow, Beef,Cow, Dairy,Cow, Holstein,Cows,Dairy Cows,Domestic Cow,Domestic Cows,Indicine Cattles,Taurine Cattles,Taurus Cattles,Yaks,Zebus