Introducing the article, the author emphasizes the importance of preschool and school instruction of the hospitalized children. Although this education and instruction programme differs in many particularities from that in normal schools, it should adhere to the same principles regarding the content and organization of the educational process and promote collaboration between the teaching staff in regular schools and teachers in hospitals. "Play therapy' is only one of the aspects of this activity and it is our task as pediatricians to provide a satisfactory number of full-time preschool and school teachers on the ward. Good planning in this field is of utmost importance. Suitable facilities for playing and learning are necessary, as well as toys, books and other possibilities for handcraft skills. Appropriate staff rooms should be provided for the hospital teaching staff. Today, the idea of hospital education and instruction programme is accepted and teachers and preschool teachers already work in some pediatric hospitals. Our task is, however, that kindergarten and school find their place in each children's hospital. This should also be enacted by law.