Nine hundred and sixty-nine babies born after a severe rubella epidemic were tested at the age of eight months for the presence of hemagglutination inhibition antibodies to the disease. There were 208 (21.9%) seropositive babies with titers of greater than or equal to 1:16. Seven cases of congenital rubella were diagnosed at birth, 14 were confirmed by eight months and two babies, who were considered normal at the age of eight months, developed late signs of the disease. Less than 3% of the mothers of the seropositive babies had had clinically recognized rubella in pregnancy. If positive hemagglutination inhibition antibody to rubella accurately reflects congenitally acquired rubella infection, between 8.1 and 21.9% of the 969 babies had serologic evidence of the disease. For cases of congenital rubella diagnosed by the age of three years, the limits are between 8.9 and 23.7 per 1,000 live births for the risk of the disease at the height of the epidemic. Rubella vaccine was not available in Israel until after the 1972 epidemic, the effects of which justify the continued search for and immunization of seronegative women of childbearing age, in addition to routine immunization of young girls.