Biomaterial Database

Pharmacokinetics of progesterone in laying and non-laying hens (Gallus domesticus). 1981

A L Johnson, and A van Tienhoven

The metabolic clearance rate (MCR), volumes of distribution (Vd), production rate (PR) and half-life (t 1/2) of progesterone were measured in laying hens 8 h before, during and 8 h after the preovulatory surge of progesterone, and in non-laying hens (pullets and moulting hens) after a single injection of [1,2,6,7-3H]progesterone. A curve-fitting computer program showed that the data of [3H]progesterone metabolism best fit a two-compartment model. The MCR of non-laying birds (163.2 +/- 6.4 (S.E.M.) ml/min) was significantly greater than that of laying hens (122.4 +/- 6.1 ml/min). The mean PR of progesterone in laying hens measured 8 h before and 8 h after the preovulatory peak of progesterone (42.498 +/- 6.509 ng/min per kg 0.75) was comparable to that of moulting hens (61.771 +/- 14.363 ng/min per kg 0.75). However, the PR of progesterone in hens when measured during the preovulatory surge of progesterone (254.335 +/- 53.972 ng/min per kg 0.75) was significantly greater than 8 h before and 8 h after the surge. There were no significant differences among groups in the t 1/2 of the distribution phase (combined mean, 1.03 +/- 0.05 min), biologically active t 1/2 (combined mean, 10.93 +/- 0.31 min) or Vd of the central compartment (VdA; combined mean, 609.4 +/- 46.7 ml). However, the Vd in the peripheral compartment (VdB) was significantly greater in non-laying birds (combined mean, 3891.3 +/- 399.5 ml) compared with that of laying hens (combined mean, 2879.2 +/- 154.4 ml). There was no significant difference for MCR (ml/min( and PR (ng/min) of progesterone for non-laying pullets between methods using a single injection or continuous infusion. However, when body weight differences between the two groups of pullets were taken into account and the values adjusted by covariance analysis, the MCR obtained with the continuous infusion method was significantly (P less than 0.05) higher than the value obtained with the single injection method. It is concluded that (a) the preovulatory surge of progesterone is the result of an increase in the PR and not of a decrease in the MCR; (b) the lower MCR in laying hens compared with pullets and moulting hens is reflected by a smaller VdB, likely to be due to the presence of progesterone receptors of higher affinity and/or binding capacity in laying hens and to differences in extraction efficiency by progesterone-metabolizing organ systems; (c) t 1/2 in the hen would appear to be shorter than that reported for mammalian species. 24HD 12101

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007263	Infusions, Parenteral	The administration of liquid medication, nutrient, or other fluid through some other route than the alimentary canal, usually over minutes or hours, either by gravity flow or often by infusion pumping.	Intra-Abdominal Infusions,Intraperitoneal Infusions,Parenteral Infusions,Peritoneal Infusions,Infusion, Intra-Abdominal,Infusion, Intraperitoneal,Infusion, Parenteral,Infusion, Peritoneal,Infusions, Intra-Abdominal,Infusions, Intraperitoneal,Infusions, Peritoneal,Intra Abdominal Infusions,Intra-Abdominal Infusion,Intraperitoneal Infusion,Parenteral Infusion,Peritoneal Infusion
D007275	Injections, Intravenous	Injections made into a vein for therapeutic or experimental purposes.	Intravenous Injections,Injection, Intravenous,Intravenous Injection
D007700	Kinetics	The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.
D008657	Metabolic Clearance Rate	Volume of biological fluid completely cleared of drug metabolites as measured in unit time. Elimination occurs as a result of metabolic processes in the kidney, liver, saliva, sweat, intestine, heart, brain, or other site.	Total Body Clearance Rate,Clearance Rate, Metabolic,Clearance Rates, Metabolic,Metabolic Clearance Rates,Rate, Metabolic Clearance,Rates, Metabolic Clearance
D010058	Oviposition	The process of laying or shedding fully developed eggs (OVA) from the female body. The term is usually used for certain INSECTS or FISHES with an organ called ovipositor where eggs are stored or deposited before expulsion from the body.	Larviposition,Larvipositions,Ovipositions
D010060	Ovulation	The discharge of an OVUM from a rupturing follicle in the OVARY.	Ovulations
D011374	Progesterone	The major progestational steroid that is secreted primarily by the CORPUS LUTEUM and the PLACENTA. Progesterone acts on the UTERUS, the MAMMARY GLANDS and the BRAIN. It is required in EMBRYO IMPLANTATION; PREGNANCY maintenance, and the development of mammary tissue for MILK production. Progesterone, converted from PREGNENOLONE, also serves as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of GONADAL STEROID HORMONES and adrenal CORTICOSTEROIDS.	Pregnenedione,Progesterone, (13 alpha,17 alpha)-(+-)-Isomer,Progesterone, (17 alpha)-Isomer,Progesterone, (9 beta,10 alpha)-Isomer
D002645	Chickens	Common name for the species Gallus gallus, the domestic fowl, in the family Phasianidae, order GALLIFORMES. It is descended from the red jungle fowl of SOUTHEAST ASIA.	Gallus gallus,Gallus domesticus,Gallus gallus domesticus,Chicken
D005260	Female		Females
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia