Psychotherapy, which is mainly directed th the personality and the social relations of the patients, is gaining increasing importance not only in psychiatry. Beyond neurotic diseases, it is an essential part in the treatment of additions, endogenous psychoses, cardiovascular diseases as well as in paediatrics, öncology and other clinical disciplines. Following the regulations of the Ministry of Health of the USSR, an extensive and systematic network of psychotherapeutical treatment centres for outpatients is being established. Psychotherapy is of particular importance in the field of rehabilitation. Besides, questions regarding the position of psychotherapy in medicine, of education and continued training and of the position of the clinical psychologist are dealt with.