On the basis of the data expressed in the world medical literature the Authors examine the syndrome of disseminated intravascular coagulation, discussing the etiopathogenetic motives, the most significant physiopathologic aspects and the diagnostic-differential and therapeutic problems. They conclude pointing out the necessity of including the eventuality of D.I.C. among the diagnostic possibilities, in as much as the early identification of the syndrome and an adequate therapeutic treatment, employed at the right time, can consent, in not few cases, to save the patient's life.