Diethylnitrosamine (DEN), at a concentration of 100 parts/10(6) in drinking water for 14 days, caused the development, by 48 weeks, of very few liver tumours in 5 of 18 (27%) male F=344 rats fed control diet. When the DEN treatment was followed one week later by continuous feeding of the hypolipidemic hepatic peroxisome proliferator, Wy-14,643, at 0.1% dietary level, all of 28 rats (100%) developed, between 38 and 48 weeks, a significantly higher number of liver tumours. Furthermore, laparotomy at 22 weeks revealed that several rats fed Wy-14,643 after DEN initiation had developed visible liver nodules, suggesting that Wy-14,643 also accelerates the appearance of these tumours. Administration of another peroxisome proliferator, clofibrate, at 0.5% level in the diet after DEN initiation, also caused a substantial enhancement of liver tumorigenesis. The enhancement of liver-tumour development by clofibrate, however, was less than that by Wy-14,643. The marked enhancing effect of Wy-14,643 may be due to its profound hepatomegalic and peroxisome proliferative properties.