Eight fifth- and sixth-grade black males engaged in a set of single-subject, multiple-baseline studies to determine the relative effects of self-observation and self-reinforcement. A black male college student employed the children as research assistants who would study their own behavior. The employer negotiated a series of individualized contracts with each boy. The contracts specified what self-regulation procedures the subject would perform. Overall, the children were more consistent in carrying out their contracts when they were on self-reinforcement than when they were on self-observation. Second, the children were more effective in increasing behavioral deficits than they were in decreasing excesses. Third, self-reinforcement was clearly a superior means of improving their own behavior than was self-observation.