More than a common descriptive interest, this researches about vasa-vasorum have been carried on to give some anatomical basis, to the part acted by those vessels in arterial wall life. Microdissections, X-rays diaphanisation enable us to systematize even in human kind than in animal species, the main aspects of this vascularisation. The conception of a double irrigation, from the lumen and from the vasa of the blood vessels, and the presence of a venous and lymphatic drainage, can give us the basis of an interpretation of the beginning of the main arterial diseases.