Computed tomography has proven useful in children with craniosynostosis for the evaluation of deformity of the skull base, calvarium, and parenchymal brain structures. A retrospective analysis of 24 children seen during a 4-year period who had adequate preoperative, postoperative, and follow-up scans was carried out. Bone windows were used, and both bone thinning adjacent to fused sutures and thickening of affected sutures were demonstrated. Changes in calvarial contour were easily followed. Current trends in craniofacial reconstructive surgery have placed emphasis on skull base abnormalities; these are readily measured on axial computed tomographic (CT) sections, and postoperative progress may be monitored by serial scanning. In addition, new data revealing distortion of brain structures and cerebrospinal fluid pathways in these children have been obtained with CT scans. These soft tissue abnormalities had not been appreciated before the CT era, and they add a new dimension to the evaluation of these disorders. We think that these abnormalities indicate a local pressure increase on the brain at the fusion site. The restoration of parenchymal changes toward normal during the postoperative period correlated well with cosmetic improvement.