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A model system has been established for studying lung carcinogenesis using intratracheal instillation of 3-methylcholanthrene in C3H/AnfCum and C57BL/Cum X C3H/AnfCum F1 (hereafter called BC3F1/Cum) mice. The animals in these studies were screened for adventitious agents and were free throughout their lifetime of two important lung viruses, Sendai virus and pneumonia virus of mice. Under these conditions, the occurrence of spontaneous and chemically indiced lung cancers was determined over the lifetime of the animals. Data were analyzed by the actuarial method for lung tumor probability. Probability was found to be dose and time dependent. Over 95% of the 3-methylcholanthrene-treated BC3F1/Cum and over 88% of the C3H/AnfCum mice were found at death to have pulmonary carcinomas. Tumors observed in animals which died up to 40 weeks on test were almost always squamous cell carcinomas (approximately 85%), while tumors which were observed in animals which died after 50 weeks were mainly alveolar adenocarcinomas (approximately 80%). Both tumors types metastasized widely. Spontaneous lung cancers (only alveolar adenocarcinomas were observed) occurred in these two strains at low frequency and were expressed late in life. Thus, the system described affords a suitable model to study the induction, expression, and progression of lung tumors under conditions where a vast majority of animals develop neoplasia.
C J Henry, and
L H Billups, and
M D Avery, and
T H Rude, and
D R Dansie, and
A Lopez, and
B Sass, and
C E Whitmire, and
R E Kouri
November 1977,
Cancer research,
C J Henry, and
L H Billups, and
M D Avery, and
T H Rude, and
D R Dansie, and
A Lopez, and
B Sass, and
C E Whitmire, and
R E Kouri
October 1956,
Journal of the National Cancer Institute,
C J Henry, and
L H Billups, and
M D Avery, and
T H Rude, and
D R Dansie, and
A Lopez, and
B Sass, and
C E Whitmire, and
R E Kouri
January 1972,
Journal of the National Cancer Institute,
C J Henry, and
L H Billups, and
M D Avery, and
T H Rude, and
D R Dansie, and
A Lopez, and
B Sass, and
C E Whitmire, and
R E Kouri
December 1976,
Journal of the National Cancer Institute,
C J Henry, and
L H Billups, and
M D Avery, and
T H Rude, and
D R Dansie, and
A Lopez, and
B Sass, and
C E Whitmire, and
R E Kouri
January 1975,
Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals,
C J Henry, and
L H Billups, and
M D Avery, and
T H Rude, and
D R Dansie, and
A Lopez, and
B Sass, and
C E Whitmire, and
R E Kouri
September 1954,
British journal of cancer,
C J Henry, and
L H Billups, and
M D Avery, and
T H Rude, and
D R Dansie, and
A Lopez, and
B Sass, and
C E Whitmire, and
R E Kouri
September 1952,
The Yale journal of biology and medicine,
C J Henry, and
L H Billups, and
M D Avery, and
T H Rude, and
D R Dansie, and
A Lopez, and
B Sass, and
C E Whitmire, and
R E Kouri
February 1974,
Journal of the National Cancer Institute,
C J Henry, and
L H Billups, and
M D Avery, and
T H Rude, and
D R Dansie, and
A Lopez, and
B Sass, and
C E Whitmire, and
R E Kouri
March 1954,
British journal of cancer,
C J Henry, and
L H Billups, and
M D Avery, and
T H Rude, and
D R Dansie, and
A Lopez, and
B Sass, and
C E Whitmire, and
R E Kouri
January 1979,
Progress in experimental tumor research,
