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Serum chloramphenicol concentrations in preruminant calves: a comparison of two formulations dosed orally. 1981

E M Huffman, and C H Clark, and J D Olson, and L Ball

Serum concentrations of chloramphenicol were determined after oral doses (55 mg/kg body weight) were administered to 7-9 day old Holstein-Friesian calves. Chloramphenicol in an oral solution produced greater serum concentrations than did an equivalent dose of chloramphenicol in capsules (P less than 0.005). A second dose of each formulation administered 12 h after the first dose elevated serum chloramphenicol concentrations significantly (P less than 0.001). The average serum chloramphenicol concentration exceeded 5 micrograms/ml of serum 1 h after administration of the solution compared with 4 h for the capsules. Average serum chloramphenicol concentration was greater than 5 micrograms/ml for at least 12 h after the dose was administered for both formulations. Of the eight calves receiving repeat doses of chloramphenicol, seven (87.5%) developed diarrhea in 76 +/- 8.6 h. Six of the eight calves (75%) died during or shortly after the period of chloramphenicol administration.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D002214 Capsules Hard or soft soluble containers used for the oral administration of medicine. Capsule,Microcapsule,Microcapsules
D002417 Cattle Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor. Beef Cow,Bos grunniens,Bos indicus,Bos indicus Cattle,Bos taurus,Cow,Cow, Domestic,Dairy Cow,Holstein Cow,Indicine Cattle,Taurine Cattle,Taurus Cattle,Yak,Zebu,Beef Cows,Bos indicus Cattles,Cattle, Bos indicus,Cattle, Indicine,Cattle, Taurine,Cattle, Taurus,Cattles, Bos indicus,Cattles, Indicine,Cattles, Taurine,Cattles, Taurus,Cow, Beef,Cow, Dairy,Cow, Holstein,Cows,Dairy Cows,Domestic Cow,Domestic Cows,Indicine Cattles,Taurine Cattles,Taurus Cattles,Yaks,Zebus
D002701 Chloramphenicol An antibiotic first isolated from cultures of Streptomyces venequelae in 1947 but now produced synthetically. It has a relatively simple structure and was the first broad-spectrum antibiotic to be discovered. It acts by interfering with bacterial protein synthesis and is mainly bacteriostatic. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 29th ed, p106) Cloranfenicol,Kloramfenikol,Levomycetin,Amphenicol,Amphenicols,Chlornitromycin,Chlorocid,Chloromycetin,Detreomycin,Ophthochlor,Syntomycin
D000284 Administration, Oral The giving of drugs, chemicals, or other substances by mouth. Drug Administration, Oral,Administration, Oral Drug,Oral Administration,Oral Drug Administration,Administrations, Oral,Administrations, Oral Drug,Drug Administrations, Oral,Oral Administrations,Oral Drug Administrations
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D000828 Animal Population Groups Animals grouped according to ecological, morphological or genetic populations. Animal Population Group,Population Group, Animal,Population Groups, Animal
D000833 Animals, Suckling Young, unweaned mammals. Refers to nursing animals whether nourished by their biological mother, foster mother, or bottle fed. Animal, Suckling,Suckling Animal,Suckling Animals
D012996 Solutions The homogeneous mixtures formed by the mixing of a solid, liquid, or gaseous substance (solute) with a liquid (the solvent), from which the dissolved substances can be recovered by physical processes. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) Solution
D013997 Time Factors Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations. Time Series,Factor, Time,Time Factor

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