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The symptoms of the fetal alcohol syndrome and their frequency of appearance are described based on 41 reports in the literature and on own observations. Experimental evidence is presented proving the lack of cytotoxicity, mutagenicity and teratogenicity of alcohol itself and the intensive cytotoxicity, mutagenicity and teratogenicity of acetaldehyde. Responsibility for the fetal alcohol syndrome is ascribed to acetaldehyde at maternal blood concentrations surpassing 35 micrometer and it is suggested that the raised acetaldehyde level is due to an inherited or acquired defect of mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase. Prospective mothers displaying acetaldehyde levels exceeding 30 micrometer after a drink should be advised against bearing a child.
P V Véghelyi, and
M Osztovics, and
G Kardos, and
L Leisztner, and
E Szaszovszky, and
S Igali, and
J Imrei
January 1988,
Akusherstvo i ginekologiia,
P V Véghelyi, and
M Osztovics, and
G Kardos, and
L Leisztner, and
E Szaszovszky, and
S Igali, and
J Imrei
January 1981,
Neurobehavioral toxicology and teratology,
P V Véghelyi, and
M Osztovics, and
G Kardos, and
L Leisztner, and
E Szaszovszky, and
S Igali, and
J Imrei
October 1990,
Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research,
P V Véghelyi, and
M Osztovics, and
G Kardos, and
L Leisztner, and
E Szaszovszky, and
S Igali, and
J Imrei
April 1977,
The Journal of pediatrics,
P V Véghelyi, and
M Osztovics, and
G Kardos, and
L Leisztner, and
E Szaszovszky, and
S Igali, and
J Imrei
August 2016,
Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research,
P V Véghelyi, and
M Osztovics, and
G Kardos, and
L Leisztner, and
E Szaszovszky, and
S Igali, and
J Imrei
January 1981,
Neurobehavioral toxicology and teratology,
P V Véghelyi, and
M Osztovics, and
G Kardos, and
L Leisztner, and
E Szaszovszky, and
S Igali, and
J Imrei
October 2004,
Nihon Arukoru Yakubutsu Igakkai zasshi = Japanese journal of alcohol studies & drug dependence,
P V Véghelyi, and
M Osztovics, and
G Kardos, and
L Leisztner, and
E Szaszovszky, and
S Igali, and
J Imrei
October 2017,
American family physician,
P V Véghelyi, and
M Osztovics, and
G Kardos, and
L Leisztner, and
E Szaszovszky, and
S Igali, and
J Imrei
January 1975,
Addictive diseases,
P V Véghelyi, and
M Osztovics, and
G Kardos, and
L Leisztner, and
E Szaszovszky, and
S Igali, and
J Imrei
February 1979,
The Journal of school health,
