Biomaterial Database

Role of liver glutathione in 1,1-dichloroethylene metabolism and hepatotoxicity in intact rats and isolated perfused rat liver. 1978

D Reichert, and H W Werner, and D Henschler

The liver glutathione content was measured after oral administration of 1,1-dichloroethylene (vinylidene chloride = VDC; dissolved in olive oil) and its significance for the metabolism and hepatotoxicity of VDC was investigated. After treatment with 1000 mg/kg VDC p.o., glutathione decreased to 33% of the control values within 4 h but returned to the control level after 24 h. An identical fall in glutathione after VDC administration was found to occur in animals which had been fasted for 18 h. In these animals the baseline values of glutathione were lowered by 21%. The depletion of glutathione was dependent on the dosage of VDC. The conversion rate of VDC by the isolated perfused livers was 7.64 mumoles/g liver after 3 h-perfusion, if 5000 ppm of VDC were supplied in the gas phase. Lowering the glutathione content to 15% of the normal value (by diethylmaleate, 25 mumoles added directly to the perfusate) resulted in a reduction of VDC conversion by 18%. Furthermore the viability (with the lactate/pyruvate ratio serving as the parameter) of the liver was distinctly depresesd. No effect on viability nor on metabolization rate was noted when perfusing the livers of 18-h fasted animals. The concentrations of the glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT) and glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) in the perfusate failed to show an increase. These findings indicate that there is no correlation between the liver glutathione level and the increased lethality of VDC in fasted rats.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008099	Liver	A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.	Livers
D004000	Dichloroethylenes	Toxic chlorinated unsaturated hydrocarbons. Include both the 1,1- and 1,2-dichloro isomers. Both isomers are toxic, but 1,1-dichloroethylene is the more potent CNS depressant and hepatotoxin. It is used in the manufacture of thermoplastic polymers.	Vinylidene Chlorides,Chlorides, Vinylidene
D005260	Female		Females
D005978	Glutathione	A tripeptide with many roles in cells. It conjugates to drugs to make them more soluble for excretion, is a cofactor for some enzymes, is involved in protein disulfide bond rearrangement and reduces peroxides.	Reduced Glutathione,gamma-L-Glu-L-Cys-Gly,gamma-L-Glutamyl-L-Cysteinylglycine,Glutathione, Reduced,gamma L Glu L Cys Gly,gamma L Glutamyl L Cysteinylglycine
D006843	Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated	Hydrocarbon compounds with one or more of the hydrogens replaced by CHLORINE.	Chlorinated Hydrocarbon,Chlorinated Hydrocarbons,Organochlorine Compound,Chlorine Compounds, Organic,Organochlorine Compounds,Compound, Organochlorine,Compounds, Organic Chlorine,Compounds, Organochlorine,Hydrocarbon, Chlorinated,Organic Chlorine Compounds
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D013997	Time Factors	Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.	Time Series,Factor, Time,Time Factor
D051381	Rats	The common name for the genus Rattus.	Rattus,Rats, Laboratory,Rats, Norway,Rattus norvegicus,Laboratory Rat,Laboratory Rats,Norway Rat,Norway Rats,Rat,Rat, Laboratory,Rat, Norway,norvegicus, Rattus
D056486	Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury	A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements and chemicals from the environment.	Drug-Induced Liver Injury,Liver Injury, Drug-Induced,Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced,Chemically-Induced Liver Toxicity,Drug-Induced Acute Liver Injury,Drug-Induced Liver Disease,Hepatitis, Drug-Induced,Hepatitis, Toxic,Liver Injury, Drug-Induced, Acute,Toxic Hepatitis,Acute Liver Injury, Drug Induced,Chemically Induced Liver Toxicity,Chemically-Induced Liver Toxicities,Disease, Drug-Induced Liver,Diseases, Drug-Induced Liver,Drug Induced Acute Liver Injury,Drug Induced Liver Disease,Drug Induced Liver Injury,Drug-Induced Hepatitides,Drug-Induced Hepatitis,Drug-Induced Liver Diseases,Drug-Induced Liver Injuries,Hepatitides, Drug-Induced,Hepatitides, Toxic,Hepatitis, Drug Induced,Injuries, Drug-Induced Liver,Injury, Drug-Induced Liver,Liver Disease, Drug-Induced,Liver Diseases, Drug-Induced,Liver Injuries, Drug-Induced,Liver Injury, Drug Induced,Liver Toxicities, Chemically-Induced,Liver Toxicity, Chemically-Induced,Toxic Hepatitides,Toxicities, Chemically-Induced Liver,Toxicity, Chemically-Induced Liver
D066298	In Vitro Techniques	Methods to study reactions or processes taking place in an artificial environment outside the living organism.	In Vitro Test,In Vitro Testing,In Vitro Tests,In Vitro as Topic,In Vitro,In Vitro Technique,In Vitro Testings,Technique, In Vitro,Techniques, In Vitro,Test, In Vitro,Testing, In Vitro,Testings, In Vitro,Tests, In Vitro,Vitro Testing, In