Biomaterial Database

Glycine transport in rat brain and liver mitochondria. 1980

J Benavides, and M L Garcia, and J Lopez-Lahoya, and M Ugarte, and F Valdivieso

Transport of glycine by rat brain and liver mitochondria has been investigated by both [14C]glycine uptake and swelling experiments. Glycine enters mitochondria passively down its concentration gradient by a respiratory-independent carrier-mediated process. This view is supported by the following observations: (a) glycine inside the mitochondria reaches the incubation medium concentration; (b) mitochondria swell in the presence of isoomotic solutions of glycine in a concentration-dependent fashion; (c) the uptake of glycine is not influenced by respiratory inhibitors such as KCN or by uncouplers such as carbonylcyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone; (d) initial rates of uptake approach saturation kinetics, the apparent Km of the rat brain mitochondria for glycine being 1.7 mM and that of the liver mitochondria being 5.7 mM; (e) the rate of swelling is inhibited by methylmalonate, propionate and, at pH 6.5, by mersalyl, and (f) uptake is inhibited by phosphoserine, methylmalonate and propionate, but not by alanine or proline.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007700	Kinetics	The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.
D008297	Male		Males
D008928	Mitochondria	Semiautonomous, self-reproducing organelles that occur in the cytoplasm of all cells of most, but not all, eukaryotes. Each mitochondrion is surrounded by a double limiting membrane. The inner membrane is highly invaginated, and its projections are called cristae. Mitochondria are the sites of the reactions of oxidative phosphorylation, which result in the formation of ATP. They contain distinctive RIBOSOMES, transfer RNAs (RNA, TRANSFER); AMINO ACYL T RNA SYNTHETASES; and elongation and termination factors. Mitochondria depend upon genes within the nucleus of the cells in which they reside for many essential messenger RNAs (RNA, MESSENGER). Mitochondria are believed to have arisen from aerobic bacteria that established a symbiotic relationship with primitive protoeukaryotes. (King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)	Mitochondrial Contraction,Mitochondrion,Contraction, Mitochondrial,Contractions, Mitochondrial,Mitochondrial Contractions
D008930	Mitochondria, Liver	Mitochondria in hepatocytes. As in all mitochondria, there are an outer membrane and an inner membrane, together creating two separate mitochondrial compartments: the internal matrix space and a much narrower intermembrane space. In the liver mitochondrion, an estimated 67% of the total mitochondrial proteins is located in the matrix. (From Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2d ed, p343-4)	Liver Mitochondria,Liver Mitochondrion,Mitochondrion, Liver
D008933	Mitochondrial Swelling	An increase in MITOCHONDRIAL VOLUME due to an influx of fluid; it occurs in hypotonic solutions due to osmotic pressure and in isotonic solutions as a result of altered permeability of the membranes of respiring mitochondria.	Giant Mitochondria,Megamitochondria,Mitochondrial Hypertrophy,Giant Mitochondrias,Hypertrophy, Mitochondrial,Megamitochondrias,Mitochondria, Giant,Mitochondrial Hypertrophies,Swelling, Mitochondrial
D001921	Brain	The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.	Encephalon
D002259	Carbonyl Cyanide p-Trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone	A proton ionophore that is commonly used as an uncoupling agent in biochemical studies.	Carbonyl Cyanide para-Trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone,FCCP,(4-(Trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)hydrazonopropanedinitrile,Carbonyl Cyanide p Trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone,Carbonyl Cyanide para Trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone,Cyanide p-Trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone, Carbonyl,Cyanide para-Trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone, Carbonyl,p-Trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone, Carbonyl Cyanide,para-Trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone, Carbonyl Cyanide
D003486	Cyanides	Inorganic salts of HYDROGEN CYANIDE containing the -CN radical. The concept also includes isocyanides. It is distinguished from NITRILES, which denotes organic compounds containing the -CN radical.	Cyanide,Isocyanide,Isocyanides
D005998	Glycine	A non-essential amino acid. It is found primarily in gelatin and silk fibroin and used therapeutically as a nutrient. It is also a fast inhibitory neurotransmitter.	Aminoacetic Acid,Glycine, Monopotassium Salt,Glycine Carbonate (1:1), Monosodium Salt,Glycine Carbonate (2:1), Monolithium Salt,Glycine Carbonate (2:1), Monopotassium Salt,Glycine Carbonate (2:1), Monosodium Salt,Glycine Hydrochloride,Glycine Hydrochloride (2:1),Glycine Phosphate,Glycine Phosphate (1:1),Glycine Sulfate (3:1),Glycine, Calcium Salt,Glycine, Calcium Salt (2:1),Glycine, Cobalt Salt,Glycine, Copper Salt,Glycine, Monoammonium Salt,Glycine, Monosodium Salt,Glycine, Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate,Acid, Aminoacetic,Calcium Salt Glycine,Cobalt Salt Glycine,Copper Salt Glycine,Hydrochloride, Glycine,Monoammonium Salt Glycine,Monopotassium Salt Glycine,Monosodium Salt Glycine,Phosphate, Glycine,Salt Glycine, Monoammonium,Salt Glycine, Monopotassium,Salt Glycine, Monosodium
D000596	Amino Acids	Organic compounds that generally contain an amino (-NH2) and a carboxyl (-COOH) group. Twenty alpha-amino acids are the subunits which are polymerized to form proteins.	Amino Acid,Acid, Amino,Acids, Amino