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The precipitation of different local anaesthetics was studied spectrophotometrically in vitro. Bupivacaine-HCl precipitates at a pH of 7.4 of the cerebrospinal fluid when the concentration is 0.75 mg/ml. The bupivacaine-solution with admixture of epinephrine is not associated with turbidity up to 2.5 mg/ml. The CO2-preparation of bupivacaine shows no decrease of extinction. Mepivacaine, lidocaine and carticaine do not precipitate at the range of CSF-pH from 6.9 up to 9.0. The relevance for clinical use is discussed. After intrathecal application of less than 15 mg bupivacaine-HCl of a 0.5% solution, no precipitation will occur. Since the volume of distribution in the subarachnoidal space is lowered after application of hyperbaric local anaesthetic solutions, the possibilities of precipitation are enhanced.
R Dennhardt, and
K von Ammon
July 1980,
Der Anaesthesist,
R Dennhardt, and
K von Ammon
January 1974,
Revista espanola de oto-neuro-oftalmologia y neurocirugia,
R Dennhardt, and
K von Ammon
January 1980,
La semaine des hopitaux : organe fonde par l'Association d'enseignement medical des hopitaux de Paris,
R Dennhardt, and
K von Ammon
May 1979,
Annales de chirurgie,
R Dennhardt, and
K von Ammon
January 1976,
Lijecnicki vjesnik,
R Dennhardt, and
K von Ammon
September 1981,
No to shinkei = Brain and nerve,
R Dennhardt, and
K von Ammon
January 1973,
Zeitschrift fur Neurologie,
R Dennhardt, and
K von Ammon
March 1976,
No shinkei geka. Neurological surgery,
R Dennhardt, and
K von Ammon
January 1973,
Verhandlungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft fur Pathologie,
R Dennhardt, and
K von Ammon
December 1977,
Pathologie-biologie,
