A total of 462 patients with the dumping syndrome after gastric resection for peptic ulcer were under-observation. The critical response to qualitatively different nutritional loads and the content of a number of the vegetative nervous system mediators and insulin were examined. Moreover, function of the digestive organs and metabolic rates reflecting the course of a number of metabolic processes were studied. The evidence obtained furnished a background for validating and elaborating the system of staged differentiated nutritional therapy of the dumping syndrome with due regard for the syndrome gravity, various post-operative periods and the character of concomitant affections.