Prospective data were gathered from 388 psychiatric consultations performed in a general hospital setting. Data included demographic, medical, psychiatric, and illness behavior characteristics of the patients seen, as well as consultant functions and recommendations. Results indicate that consulted patients suffer from a wide variety of medical problems, are frequently taking psychoactive medications before the consultation, and experience a spectrum of psychosocial problems in coping with their disease. Primary physicians infrequently provided any psychiatric data or reasons for referral other than for depression. Consultants determined what they felt were the motivating reasons for referral and besides patient psychopathology found a significant amount of maladaptive illness behavior and staff/patient conflict. Comparison with other studies supports the high incidence of primary (21%) and secondary (18%) depression in this population and the active involvement in its treatment by consultation-liaison psychiatrists. Research, training, and clinical issues generated by the findings are discussed.