Biomaterial Database

Effects of mental age, knowledge of results, and social reinforcement on motor performance. 1980

R J Heitman, and J E Justen, and W F Gilley

The effects of mental age (MA), knowledge of results, and social reinforcement on performance on a speed motor task by mildly mentally retarded children was investigated. Significant main effects were found for the variables of MA and social reinforcement and significant interactions for the MA x Social-Reinforcement conditions and the Knowledge of Results x Social-Reinforcement conditions. Post hoc analysis indicated that high-MA subjects performed significantly better under verbal praise conditions than did low-MA subjects. Also, knowledge of results was most effective in the presence of verbal praise. We suggested that verbal praise sensitized subjects to attend to the knowledge of results cue.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007360	Intelligence	The ability to learn and to deal with new situations and to deal effectively with tasks involving abstractions.
D007721	Knowledge of Results, Psychological	A principle that learning is facilitated when the learner receives immediate evaluation of learning performance. The concept also hypothesizes that learning is facilitated when the learner is promptly informed whether a response is correct, and, if incorrect, of the direction of error.	Knowledge of Results (Psychology),Knowledge of Results, Psychology,Results Knowledge (Psychology)
D008297	Male		Males
D008607	Intellectual Disability	Subnormal intellectual functioning which originates during the developmental period. This has multiple potential etiologies, including genetic defects and perinatal insults. Intelligence quotient (IQ) scores are commonly used to determine whether an individual has an intellectual disability. IQ scores between 70 and 79 are in the borderline range. Scores below 67 are in the disabled range. (from Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch55, p28)	Disability, Intellectual,Idiocy,Mental Retardation,Retardation, Mental,Deficiency, Mental,Intellectual Development Disorder,Mental Deficiency,Mental Retardation, Psychosocial,Deficiencies, Mental,Development Disorder, Intellectual,Development Disorders, Intellectual,Disabilities, Intellectual,Disorder, Intellectual Development,Disorders, Intellectual Development,Intellectual Development Disorders,Intellectual Disabilities,Mental Deficiencies,Mental Retardations, Psychosocial,Psychosocial Mental Retardation,Psychosocial Mental Retardations,Retardation, Psychosocial Mental,Retardations, Psychosocial Mental
D009048	Motor Skills	Performance of complex motor acts.	Motor Skill,Skill, Motor,Skills, Motor
D012056	Reinforcement, Social	The strengthening of a response with a social reward such as a nod of approval, a parent's love or attention.	Social Reinforcement,Reinforcements, Social,Social Reinforcements
D002648	Child	A person 6 to 12 years of age. An individual 2 to 5 years old is CHILD, PRESCHOOL.	Children
D004495	Education of Intellectually Disabled	The teaching or training of those individuals with subnormal intellectual functioning.	Education of Mentally Defective,Education of Mentally Retarded,Education, Mentally Retarded,Mentally Retarded Education,Disabled Education, Intellectually,Disabled Educations, Intellectually,Intellectually Disabled Education,Intellectually Disabled Educations,Mentally Defective Education
D005260	Female		Females
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man