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The metabolism and elimination of chloramphenicol-3-monosuccinate was studied in 45 infants and children, ages 3 days to 16 years, during intravenous administration. The apparent half-life of chloramphenicol was extremely variable, ranging from 1.7 to 12.0 hours with a mean of 5.1 hours. Apparent half-lives were inversely correlated with age. Chloramphenicol-S serum concentration declined biexponentially in most patients, with an estimated mean initial half-life of 0.7 hours and a subsequent longer mean half-life of 2.2 hours. Chloramphenicol-S persisted in serum up to six hours after a dose, and comprised a significantly larger fraction of total chloramphenicol in the serum of infants under one month of age than in older infants and children. A widely variable fraction of the administered chloramphenicol-S dose, with a mean of 33%, was excreted in the urine unchanged and was, therefore, not bioavailable in active form. Mean renal clearance of chloramphenicol-S was 259.5 ml/minute/1.73 M2, four times the mean creatinine clearance, indicating active tubular secretion. Variable hydrolysis and renal elimination of nonhydrolyzed chloramphenicol-S reduces the bioavailability of the antibiotic and appears to contribute substantially to the wide variation in apparent half-life and poor correlation between dose and serum concentration of free chloramphenicol.
R E Kauffman, and
J N Miceli, and
L Strebel, and
J A Buckley, and
A K Done, and
A S Dajani
January 1982,
Pediatric pharmacology (New York, N.Y.),
R E Kauffman, and
J N Miceli, and
L Strebel, and
J A Buckley, and
A K Done, and
A S Dajani
January 1984,
Clinical pharmacokinetics,
R E Kauffman, and
J N Miceli, and
L Strebel, and
J A Buckley, and
A K Done, and
A S Dajani
October 1980,
Pediatrics,
R E Kauffman, and
J N Miceli, and
L Strebel, and
J A Buckley, and
A K Done, and
A S Dajani
January 1983,
Developmental pharmacology and therapeutics,
R E Kauffman, and
J N Miceli, and
L Strebel, and
J A Buckley, and
A K Done, and
A S Dajani
December 1981,
The Journal of pediatrics,
R E Kauffman, and
J N Miceli, and
L Strebel, and
J A Buckley, and
A K Done, and
A S Dajani
January 1983,
Journal of clinical pharmacology,
R E Kauffman, and
J N Miceli, and
L Strebel, and
J A Buckley, and
A K Done, and
A S Dajani
November 1981,
The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics,
R E Kauffman, and
J N Miceli, and
L Strebel, and
J A Buckley, and
A K Done, and
A S Dajani
January 1957,
Antibiotics annual,
R E Kauffman, and
J N Miceli, and
L Strebel, and
J A Buckley, and
A K Done, and
A S Dajani
October 2013,
Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics,
R E Kauffman, and
J N Miceli, and
L Strebel, and
J A Buckley, and
A K Done, and
A S Dajani
April 1985,
Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde : Organ der Deutschen Gesellschaft fur Kinderheilkunde,
